長安

See also: 长安

Chinese

		long; length; forever long; length; forever; always; constantly; chief; head; elder; to grow; to develop	content; calm; still content; calm; still; quiet; to pacify; peace; how
trad. (長安)		長	安
simp. (长安)		长	安

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cháng'ān

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˊ ㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng⁴ on¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhòng-ôn
• Eastern Min (BUC): diòng-ăng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tiông-an

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cháng'ān
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˊ ㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cháng-an
    • Wade–Giles: chʻang²-an¹
    • Yale: cháng-ān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charngan
    • Palladius: чанъань (čanʺanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: coeng⁴ on¹
    • Yale: chèuhng ōn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng⁴ on¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cêng⁴ on¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhòng-ôn
    • Hakka Romanization System: cong^ˇ on^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cong² on¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ on²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: diòng-ăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(Ø-)ŋaŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiông-an
    • Tâi-lô: tiông-an
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diong'afn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² an³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² an⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: drjang 'an

Rime
Character	長	安
Reading #	1/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	直良切	烏寒切
Baxter	drjang	'an
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨɐŋ/	/ʔɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiɐŋ/	/ʔɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiɑŋ/	/ʔɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖɨaŋ/	/ʔan/
Li Rong	/ȡiaŋ/	/ʔɑn/
Wang Li	/ȡĭaŋ/	/ɑn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯aŋ/	/ʔɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cháng	ān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	coeng4	on1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə-[N]-traŋ  [ʔ]ˤa[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*daŋ  qaːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	長	安
Reading #	1/2	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cháng	ān
Middle Chinese	‹ drjang ›	‹ 'an ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə-[N]-traŋ/	/*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/
English	long (adj.)	peace(ful)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	長	安
Reading #	2/3	1/1
No.	1276	11
Phonetic component	長	安
Rime group	陽	元
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	長	安
Old Chinese	/*daŋ/	/*qaːn/

Proper noun

長安

1. (historical) Chang'an (an ancient capital of various Chinese empires located within present-day Xi'an)
2. (～區, formerly ～縣) Chang'an (a district and former county of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China)
3. (～區) Chang'an (a district of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China)
4. (～鎮) Chang'an (name of various towns in China)
   1. Chang'an (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)
5. (～鄉, ～土家族鄉) Chang'an (a township in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)
6. Tràng An Scenic Landscape Complex (an UNESCO World Heritage Site in Ninh Bình, Vietnam)

Derived terms

• 小長安／小长安 (Xiǎocháng'ān)
• 長安街／长安街 (Cháng'ān Jiē)

 

Descendants

• → English: Chang'an, Ch'ang-an

Noun

長安

1. (literary, figurative) capital city

Synonyms

edit

• 上國／上国 (shàngguó) (literary)
• 京城 (jīngchéng) (literary)
• 京師／京师 (jīngshī) (literary)
• 京華／京华 (jīnghuá) (literary)
• 京邑 (jīngyì) (literary)
• 京都 (jīngdū) (literary)
• 國家／国家 (guójiā) (Classical Chinese)
• 國都／国都 (guódū)
• 帝都 (dìdū) (imperial capital)
• 王京 (wángjīng) (literary, royal capital)
• 王都 (wángdū) (formal, royal capital)
• 皇州 (huángzhōu) (literary, imperial capital)
• 神州 (shénzhōu) (literary)
• 都城 (dūchéng)
• 都邑 (dūyì) (literary)
• 都門／都门 (dūmén) (literary)
• 鎬京／镐京 (hàojīng) (literary)
• 首都 (shǒudū)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
長	安
ちょう Grade: 2	あん Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ちょーあん [chóꜜòàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ːã̠ɴ]

Proper noun

長(ちょう)安(あん) • (Chōan) ^{←ちやうあん (Tyauan)?}

1. (historical) Chang'an

Korean

Hanja in this term
長	安

Proper noun

長安 • (Jang'an) (hangeul 장안)

1. hanja form^? of 장안 (“Chang'an”)

Tày

Proper noun

長安 (an)

1. Nôm form of Tàng An (“Chang'an”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
長	安

Proper noun

長安

1. chữ Hán form of Tràng An (“Chang'an”).

Notes: An alternative reading could be Trường An