|
Translingual
editStroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
edit間 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓日 (ANA), four-corner 77607, composition ⿵門日)
Derived characters
edit- 僴, 𭂠, 墹, 𡢃(㛠), 𡼏, 𢢀(𫺒), 𢵧, 澗(涧), 𣊺, 𬛖, 橺(𱣤), 𭮣, 𤏐(𭴳), 𤩎, 瞷(𬑗), 磵, 𥼴, 𦅘, 𦗬, 𧒄, 襇(裥), 𧢑, 𧬘, 𧯑, 𨅍(𨁴), 𨣉(𬪫), 鐧(锏), 𩻾, 𪙨, 覸, 𩴦, 鷼, 𪪢, 癎, 蕳(𫈉), 簡(简), 鬝, 𪧶
- 㗴 (Exception: Only for Japanese character form which contains ⿰口間. Other regional forms contain ⿰口閒 instead)
Related characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1333, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41249
- Dae Jaweon: page 1839, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4288, character 6
- Unihan data for U+9593
Chinese
edittrad. | 間 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 间 | |
alternative forms | 閒 |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 間 | ||
---|---|---|
Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 門 (“door”) + 日 (“sun”). Originally 閒, moonlight (月) peeking through a door (門) – interstice; space.
Etymology
editThe two pronunciations are related, with Pronunciation 2 (間 (OC *kreːns)) being the exoactive of Pronunciation 1 (間 (OC *kreːn)).
Related to:
- 隙 (OC *kʰraɡ, “crack; chink”), 澗 (OC *kreːns, *kraːns, “ravine; brook (between mountains)”) (Wang, 1982);
- 閒 (OC *ɡreːn, “lazy; leisure”) (Karlgren, 1957; Baxter, 1992).
Externally, likely related to Mizo kâr (“space between; interval”), Burmese ကြား (kra:, “in-between; interval; interim”), အကြား (a.kra:, “gap; break”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jian1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җян (ži͡an, III)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gaan1
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): gan1
- (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): gaan1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jie1
- Northern Min (KCR): gáing
- Eastern Min (BUC): găng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ke; 1ci
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gan1 / ga1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jian
- Wade–Giles: chien1
- Yale: jyān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
- Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jian1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gian
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiɛn⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җян (ži͡an, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiæ̃⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gaan1
- Yale: gāan
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaan1
- Guangdong Romanization: gan1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gan1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kan³³/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
- Jyutping++: gaan1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kan³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiên
- Hakka Romanization System: gienˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gian1
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯en²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiân
- Hakka Romanization System: gianˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gian1
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯an²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jie1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕie¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gáing
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: găng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
- Tâi-lô: king
- Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kuiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kuinn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvuy
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kuĩ³³/
- (Hokkien: Tong'an, Kinmen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kaiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kainn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvay
- IPA (Tong'an, Kinmen): /kãi⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
- keng/kuiⁿ/kaiⁿ - vernacular (“room, classifier”);
- kan - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: goin1 / gain1 / gang1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: koiⁿ / kaiⁿ / kang
- Sinological IPA (key): /kõĩ³³/, /kãĩ³³/, /kaŋ³³/
Note:
- goin1/gain1 - vernacular (“room, classifier”) (gain1 - Jieyang, Chaoyang);
- gang1 - literary.
Note:
- 1ke - vernacular;
- 1ji - literary.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: gan1 / ga1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kan³³/, /ka̠³³/
- (Changsha)
Note: ga1 - in 中間子.
- Middle Chinese: kean
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤre[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kreːn/
Definitions
edit間
- within a definite time period or place
- among; between
- a moment; a little while; instant
- room; chamber
- section of a room; lateral space between two pairs of pillars
- Classifier for smallest units of housing, such as rooms and shopfronts.
- 一座城市需要一間女性書店 [MSC, trad.]
- From: ~2020s, sign in 馨巢書屋 (Xinchao Bookstore), Shanghai, translated in 2023 Nov 3, The Bookstore Giving Shanghai’s Women a Room of Their Own, Fan Yiying and Liu Shuhuan, Sixth Tone
- yī zuò chéngshì xūyào yī jiān nǚxìng shūdiàn [Pinyin]
- A city needs a women's bookstore
一座城市需要一间女性书店 [MSC, simp.]
- (chiefly Cantonese) Classifier for buildings in general, including schools, banks, cinemas, hospitals, shops, factories.
- a surname
Synonyms
editCompounds
edit- 一念之間 / 一念之间 (yīniànzhījiān)
- 一時之間 / 一时之间
- 一時間 / 一时间 (yīshíjiān)
- 一瞬間 / 一瞬间 (yīshùnjiān)
- 三度空間 / 三度空间
- 三維空間 / 三维空间
- 不在人間 / 不在人间
- 不時間 / 不时间
- 不間不架 / 不间不架
- 不間不界 / 不间不界
- 世間 / 世间 (shìjiān)
- 中間 / 中间 (zhōngjiān)
- 中間人 / 中间人 (zhōngjiānrén)
- 中間商 / 中间商
- 中間地帶 / 中间地带 (zhōngjiān dìdài)
- 中間宿主 / 中间宿主
- 中間派 / 中间派 (zhōngjiānpài)
- 中間產品 / 中间产品
- 中間砧木 / 中间砧木
- 九間房 / 九间房 (Jiǔjiānfáng)
- 五陰世間 / 五阴世间
- 亭子間 / 亭子间 (tíngzijiān)
- 伯仲之間 / 伯仲之间
- 俯仰之間 / 俯仰之间 (fǔyǎngzhījiān)
- 停屍間 / 停尸间 (tíngshījiān)
- 其間 / 其间 (qíjiān)
- 冷藏間 / 冷藏间
- 凡間 / 凡间 (fánjiān)
- 初間 / 初间
- 北京時間 / 北京时间 (Běijīng Shíjiān)
- 區間 / 区间 (qūjiān)
- 區間車 / 区间车 (qūjiānchē)
- 十畝之間 / 十亩之间
- 午間 / 午间 (wǔjiān)
- 單間 / 单间 (dānjiān)
- 器世間 / 器世间
- 四度空間 / 四度空间
- 坊間 / 坊间 (fāngjiān)
- 坐間 / 坐间
- 堂間處燕 / 堂间处燕
- 塵間 / 尘间 (chénjiān)
- 墦間 / 墦间
- 墦間酒肉 / 墦间酒肉
- 夏令時間 / 夏令时间
- 外間 / 外间 (wàijiān)
- 夜間 / 夜间 (yèjiān)
- 夜間部 / 夜间部
- 大菜間 / 大菜间
- 天上人間 / 天上人间 (tiānshàng rénjiān)
- 天地世間 / 天地世间
- 天地間 / 天地间 (tiāndìjiān)
- 太平間 / 太平间 (tàipíngjiān)
- 套間 / 套间 (tàojiān)
- 字裡行間 / 字里行间 (zìlǐhángjiān)
- 季孟之間 / 季孟之间
- 家間 / 家间
- 尖峰時間 / 尖峰时间
- 居間 / 居间 (jūjiān)
- 工間操 / 工间操
- 席間函丈 / 席间函丈
- 年間 / 年间 (niánjiān)
- 廁身其間 / 厕身其间
- 廣廈萬間 / 广厦万间
- 彈指之間 / 弹指之间
- 往常間 / 往常间
- 房間 / 房间 (fángjiān)
- 方寸之間 / 方寸之间
- 明間 / 明间
- 時間 / 时间 (shíjiān)
- 時間性 / 时间性 (shíjiānxìng)
- 時間藝術 / 时间艺术
- 時間表 / 时间表 (shíjiānbiǎo)
- 時間醫學 / 时间医学
- 時間電價 / 时间电价
- 晨間 / 晨间
- 晚間 / 晚间 (wǎnjiān)
- 暗間兒 / 暗间儿 (ànjiānr)
- 月間 / 月间
- 有情世間 / 有情世间
- 期間 / 期间 (qījiān)
- 桑間之音 / 桑间之音 (sāngjiānzhīyīn)
- 桑間濮上 / 桑间濮上 (sāngjiānpúshàng)
- 梢間 / 梢间
- 標準時間 / 标准时间 (biāozhǔn shíjiān)
- 此間 / 此间 (cǐjiān)
- 每常間 / 每常间
- 民間 / 民间 (mínjiān)
- 民間信仰 / 民间信仰 (mínjiān xìnyǎng)
- 民間合會 / 民间合会
- 民間團體 / 民间团体
- 民間工藝 / 民间工艺
- 民間文學 / 民间文学
- 民間歌舞 / 民间歌舞
- 民間藝術 / 民间艺术
- 洗手間 / 洗手间 (xǐshǒujiān)
- 淺間山 / 浅间山
- 游戲人間 / 游戏人间
- 滿世間 / 满世间
- 漏刻之間 / 漏刻之间
- 濮上桑間 / 濮上桑间
- 濠濮間想 / 濠濮间想
- 無意間 / 无意间 (wúyìjiān)
- 猛然間 / 猛然间
- 環球時間 / 环球时间
- 甕間吏部 / 瓮间吏部
- 生存空間 / 生存空间 (shēngcún kōngjiān)
- 生活空間 / 生活空间
- 白日間 / 白日间
- 相對時間 / 相对时间
- 眉間尺 / 眉间尺
- 眉間赤 / 眉间赤
- 瞬息之間 / 瞬息之间
- 瞬間 / 瞬间 (shùnjiān)
- 瞬間目標 / 瞬间目标
- 矢石之間 / 矢石之间
- 視覺空間 / 视觉空间 (shìjué kōngjiān)
- 種間雜交 / 种间杂交
- 空間 / 空间 (kōngjiān)
- 空間主義 / 空间主义 (kōngjiānzhǔyì)
- 空間分析 / 空间分析
- 空間圖形 / 空间图形
- 空間感 / 空间感
- 空間時代 / 空间时代
- 空間曲線 / 空间曲线
- 空間美 / 空间美
- 空間藝術 / 空间艺术
- 窗間過馬 / 窗间过马
- 立談之間 / 立谈之间
- 籬壁間物 / 篱壁间物
- 終食之間 / 终食之间
- 絕對時間 / 绝对时间
- 網頁空間 / 网页空间
- 翻手之間 / 翻手之间 (fān shǒu zhī jiān)
- 老年間 / 老年间
- 肋間肌 / 肋间肌 (lèjiānjī)
- 胞間層 / 胞间层
- 胞間連絲 / 胞间连丝 (bāojiānliánsī)
- 舍間 / 舍间
- 花間集 / 花间集
- 草間求活 / 草间求活
- 虛擬空間 / 虚拟空间 (xūnǐ kōngjiān)
- 行間 / 行间 (hángjiān)
- 衣帽間 / 衣帽间 (yīmàojiān)
- 裡間 / 里间 (lǐjiān)
- 趕時間 / 赶时间 (gǎn shíjiān)
- 跳間 / 跳间 (tiàojiān)
- 轉眼之間 / 转眼之间
- 巡指間 / 巡指间
- 這其間 / 这其间
- 遊戲人間 / 游戏人间
- 適間 / 适间 (shìjiān)
- 鄉間 / 乡间 (xiāngjiān)
- 鄉間小路 / 乡间小路
- 鄭衛桑間 / 郑卫桑间
- 酒吧間 / 酒吧间 (jiǔbājiān)
- 錄音間 / 录音间
- 間奏 / 间奏 (jiānzòu)
- 間奏曲 / 间奏曲 (jiānzòuqǔ)
- 開房間 / 开房间 (kāi fángjiān)
- 開放空間 / 开放空间
- 間架 / 间架 (jiānjià)
- 間海參 / 间海参 (jiānhǎishēn)
- 間腦 / 间脑 (jiānnǎo)
- 間量 / 间量
- 開間 / 开间
- 間關 / 间关
- 陡然間 / 陡然间
- 陰間 / 阴间 (yīnjiān)
- 陽間 / 阳间 (yángjiān)
- 隔間 / 隔间 (géjiān)
- 驀忽間 / 蓦忽间
- 黃金時間 / 黄金时间 (huángjīn shíjiān)
Pronunciation 2
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kam
- Eastern Min (BUC): gáng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ci
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
- Wade–Giles: chien4
- Yale: jyàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
- Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gaan3
- Yale: gaan
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaan3
- Guangdong Romanization: gan3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaːn³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gan1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kan³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kam
- Hakka Romanization System: gam
- Hagfa Pinyim: gam4
- Sinological IPA: /kam⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gáng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɑŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note: gain3 - Jieyang, Chaoyang.
- Middle Chinese: keanH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤre[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kreːns/
Definitions
edit間
- opening; gap; break
- estrangement; alienation; hostility
- spy; secret agent
- to keep away from; to keep apart
- to separate; to partition
- to alternate; to do something alternately
- to be mixed up with; to be intermingled
- to sow discord
- to blame; to reproach
- intermittently; sometimes
- in secret; clandestinely
Compounds
edit- 一間 / 一间
- 乖間 / 乖间
- 乘間 / 乘间 (chéngjiàn)
- 乘間投隙 / 乘间投隙
- 內間 / 内间
- 半間不界 / 半间不界
- 反間 / 反间 (fǎnjiàn)
- 反間細作 / 反间细作
- 反間計 / 反间计 (fǎnjiànjì)
- 反間諜 / 反间谍 (fǎnjiàndié)
- 合作無間 / 合作无间 (hézuòwújiàn)
- 少間 / 少间
- 得間 / 得间
- 挑撥離間 / 挑拨离间 (tiǎobōlíjiàn)
- 有間 / 有间
- 未達一間 / 未达一间
- 為間 / 为间
- 無間 / 无间 (wújiàn)
- 熟間 / 熟间
- 物我無間 / 物我无间
- 當間 / 当间
- 疏不間親 / 疏不间亲
- 病間 / 病间
- 相間 / 相间 (xiāngjiàn)
- 親密無間 / 亲密无间
- 讒間 / 谗间
- 遠不間親 / 远不间亲
- 間不容息 / 间不容息
- 間不容髮 / 间不容发
- 間作 / 间作 (jiànzuò)
- 間入 / 间入
- 間出 / 间出
- 間別 / 间别
- 間壁 / 间壁
- 間或 / 间或 (jiànhuò)
- 間捕 / 间捕
- 間接 / 间接 (jiànjiē)
- 間接成本 / 间接成本
- 間接推理 / 间接推理
- 間接推論 / 间接推论
- 間接正犯 / 间接正犯
- 間接民權 / 间接民权
- 間接灸 / 间接灸
- 間接照明 / 间接照明
- 間接稅 / 间接税
- 間接經驗 / 间接经验 (jiànjiē jīngyàn)
- 間接證據 / 间接证据
- 間接貿易 / 间接贸易 (jiànjiē màoyì)
- 間接選舉 / 间接选举 (jiànjiē xuǎnjǔ)
- 間斷 / 间断
- 間斷不繼 / 间断不继
- 間日 / 间日
- 間有 / 间有
- 間條掃描 / 间条扫描
- 間歇 / 间歇 (jiànxiē)
- 間歇噴泉 / 间歇喷泉
- 間歇泉 / 间歇泉 (jiànxiēquán)
- 間歇湖 / 间歇湖
- 間歇熱 / 间歇热 (jiànxiērè)
- 間歲 / 间岁
- 間深裡 / 间深里
- 間胺黃 / 间胺黄
- 間色 / 间色
- 間行 / 间行 (jiànxíng)
- 間裂 / 间裂
- 間諜 / 间谍 (jiàndié)
- 間諜戰 / 间谍战
- 間諜船 / 间谍船
- 間道 / 间道 (jiàndào)
- 間闊 / 间阔
- 間阻 / 间阻
- 間隙 / 间隙 (jiànxì)
- 間隔 / 间隔
- 間隔號 / 间隔号 (jiàngéhào)
- 間雜 / 间杂 (jiànzá)
- 陰陽間隔 / 阴阳间隔
- 隱間 / 隐间
- 離間 / 离间 (líjiàn)
Pronunciation 3
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎn
- Wade–Giles: chien3
- Yale: jyǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jean
- Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
edit間
References
edit- “間”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #9175”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
edit間 | |
閒 |
Kanji
edit間
(Second grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 閒)
Readings
edit- Go-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
- Kun: あいだ (aida, 間, Jōyō)、ま (ma, 間, Jōyō)、あい (ai, 間)、あわい (awai, 間)、はざま (hazama, 間)、うかがう (ukagau, 間う)、しずか (shizuka, 間か)、ひそかに (hisokani, 間かに)
- Nanori: ちか (chika)
Compounds
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term |
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間 |
あいだ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 間 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 間, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
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間 |
ま Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 間 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 間, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3
editKanji in this term |
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間 |
あい Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 間 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 間, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 4
editKanji in this term |
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間 |
かん Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 間 / 间 (kɛn, “interval”).
Pronunciation
editAffix
edit- space; interval; among; between
- extent; scope
- hidden; invisible
- Alternative spelling of 閑 (kan, “free time”)
Noun
editSuffix
edit- suffixes some expressions of time to tell duration rather than time or date
- 二時 ― ni-ji ― two (o'clock)
- 二時間 ― ni-jikan ― two hours
- 二時五分 ― ni-ji go-fun ― five past two
- 五分(間) ― go-fun (kan) ― five minutes
- 二日 ― futsuka ― the 2nd (day of the month)
- 二日(間) ― futsuka (kan) ― two days
Etymology 5
editKanji in this term |
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間 |
はざま Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 間 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 間, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
edit- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
editHanja
editCompounds
editVietnamese
editHan character
edit間: Hán Nôm readings: căn, dán, gian, gián, giãn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References
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