鰻

See also: 鳗

鰻	U+9C3B, 鰻 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9C3B

← 鰺
[U+9C3A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

鰼 →
[U+9C3C]

Translingual

Han character

鰻 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+11, 22 strokes, cangjie input 弓火日田水 (NFAWE), four-corner 2634₇, composition ⿰魚曼)

Descendants

鳗

Chinese

trad.		鰻
simp.		鳗
alternative forms		𩺴𩻠 ⿰魚昘 ⿰魚𭦗 ⿰魚𭦟𩺴𩻠 ⿰魚昘 ⿰魚𭦗 ⿰魚𭦟 ⿰鱼⿳⺜𠀃勹

Wikipedia has articles on:

鰻 (Southern Min)
鰻 (Wu)
鰻 (Cantonese)
鰻 (Written Standard Chinese^?)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鰻
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (曼) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
獌	mroːn, moːns, *mons
鬘	*mroːn
謾	mroːn, mroːns, mon, moːn, *moːns
慢	*mroːns
嫚	*mroːns
縵	mroːns, moːns
曼	moːn, mons
饅	*moːn
蔓	moːn, mons
鰻	moːn, mons
墁	moːn, moːns
鏝	moːn, moːns
槾	*moːn
漫	*moːns
幔	*moːns
蟃	*mons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *moːn, *mons) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons) – a kind of fish.

Etymology

Note similarities to Burmese ငါးမန်း (nga:man:, “shark”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mán, màn (man², man⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄢˊ, ㄇㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): maan⁴ / mun⁴ / maan⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): màn
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): môa

(Teochew, Peng'im): muan⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶moe; ⁶me

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mán
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mán
  - Wade–Giles: man²
  - Yale: mán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: man
  - Palladius: мань (manʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /män³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, common nonstandard variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: màn
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: màn
  - Wade–Giles: man⁴
  - Yale: màn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mann
  - Palladius: мань (manʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /män⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: maan⁴ / mun⁴ / maan⁶
  - Yale: màahn / mùhn / maahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: maan⁴ / mun⁴ / maan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: man⁴ / mun⁴ / man⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maːn²¹/, /muːn²¹/, /maːn²²/

Note: maan6 - common variant.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: màn
  - Hakka Romanization System: man^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: man²
  - Sinological IPA: /man¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môa
  - Tâi-lô: muâ
  - Phofsit Daibuun: moaa
  - IPA (Xiamen): /muã²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /muã²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /muã¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /muã²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /muã²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: muan⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: muâⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mũã⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶moe; ⁶me
  - MiniDict: moe^去; me^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³moe; ³me
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mø²³/, /me²³/

Middle Chinese: man, mjonH

Rime
Character	鰻	鰻
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	母官切	無販切
Baxter	man	mjonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muɑn/	/mʉɐn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷɑn/	/mʷiɐn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/muɑn/	/miuɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwan/	/muan^H/
Li Rong	/muɑn/	/miuɐn^H/
Wang Li	/muɑn/	/mĭwɐn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/muɑn/	/mi̯wɐn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mán	wàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mun⁴	maan⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*moːn/, /*mons/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鰻	鰻
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	8744	8758
Phonetic component	曼	曼
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	瞞	万
Old Chinese	/*moːn/	/*mons/

Definitions

鰻

eel

Compounds

七鰓鰻 / 七鳃鳗 (qīsāimán)
八目鰻 / 八目鳗 (bāmùmán)
尖頭鰻 / 尖头鳗 (jiāntóumán)
泥鰻 / 泥鳗
海鰻 / 海鳗 (hǎimán)
盲鰻 / 盲鳗 (mángmán)
電鰻 / 电鳗 (diànmán)
鰻精 / 鳗精
鰻魚 / 鳗鱼 (mányú)
鰻鱺 / 鳗鲡 (mánlí)

Descendants

→ Indonesian: mua

References

“鰻”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
zi.tools

Japanese

Kanji

鰻

(Hyōgai kanji)

eel

Readings

Go-on: まん (man)、もん (mon)
Kan-on: ばん (ban)
Kun: うなぎ (unagi, 鰻)、うな (una, 鰻)、う (u, 鰻)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
鰻
むなぎ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

⟨munaɡi₁⟩ → /munaɡi/

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).

Speculatively, might be from 身 (mu, “body”, ancient compounding form of modern mi) +‎ 長 (nagi, “long”, irregular shift from expected reading naga).^[1] However, the naga → nagi shift is otherwise unattested.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [mɯ̟na̠ɡʲi]

Noun

鰻(むなぎ) • (munagi)

(archaic, possibly obsolete) an eel
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 16, poem 3853:
  , text here
  石(いは)麻呂(まろ)尓(に)吾物(われもの)申(まをす)夏痩(なつやせ)尓(に)吉(よし)跡(と)云物(いふもの)曽(ぞ)武奈伎(むなぎ)取喫(とりめせ) [Man'yōgana]
  石(いは)麻呂(まろ)に我(わ)れ物(もの)申(まを)す夏(なつ)痩(や)せによしといふものぞ鰻(むなぎ)捕(と)り食(め)せ [Modern spelling]
  Iwamaro ni waga mono mōsu natsu-yase ni yoshi to iu-mono zo munagi torimese
  I address Mr. Iwamaro: they're said to be efficacious for summer loss of weight―go and eat some eels.^[2]
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 16, poem 3854:
  , text here
  痩々(やすやす)母(も)生(い)有(けら)者(ば)将在(あらむ)乎(を)波多也波多(はたやはた)武奈伎(むなぎ)乎漁取跡(をとると)河(かは)尓(に)流(ながる)勿(な) [Man'yōgana]
  痩(や)す痩(や)すも生(い)けらばあらむをはたやはた鰻(むなぎ)を捕(と)ると川(かは)に流(なが)るな [Modern spelling]
  yasuyasu mo ikeraba aramu o hata ya hata munagi o toru to kawa ni nagaru na
  Ever thinner though you be, better stay alive. When you're after eels for dinner, watch your step. Don't dive.^[3]

Etymology 2

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

ウナギ

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji in this term
鰻
うなぎ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

/munaɡi/ → /unaɡi/

Sound shift from munagi above.^[4]^[5]

First cited to a text from 1241.^[6]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) うなぎ [ùnágí] (Heiban – [0])^[4]^[7]
IPA^(key): [ɯ̟na̠ɡʲi]

Noun

鰻(うなぎ) or 鰻(ウナギ) • (unagi)

[from 1241] eel, especially the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica)

Derived terms

鰻攫(ウナギツカミ) (unagitsukami)
鰻(うなぎ)筒(づつ) (unagi-zutsu, “eel trap”)
鰻(うなぎ)の寝(ね)床(どこ) (unagi no nedoko, “long, narrow house; eel bed”)
鰻(うなぎ)上(のぼ)り (unagi-nobori, “rising rapidly”)
鰻(うなぎ)屋(や) (unagi-ya, “eel restaurant”)
大(おお)鰻(うなぎ) (ōunagi, “marbled eel”)
日(ニ)本(ホン)鰻(ウナギ) (Nihon unagi, “Japanese eel”)
ヨーロッパ鰻(ウナギ) (Yōroppa unagi, “European eel”)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
鰻
うな Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Abbreviation of unagi above, used in some compounds.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) うな [úꜜnà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[4]
IPA^(key): [ɯ̟na̠]

Noun

鰻(うな) • (una)

(only in compounds) Synonym of うなぎ (see above).

Derived terms

鰻(うな)重(じゅう) (unajū)
鰻(うな)茶漬(ちゃづ)け (una-chazuke)
鰻(うな)丼(どん) (unadon, “bowl of eel and rice”)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
鰻
う Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Another abbreviation of unagi above, used in some compounds.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) う [úꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[4]
IPA^(key): [ɯ̟]

Noun

鰻(う) • (u)

(only in compounds) Synonym of うなぎ (see above).

Usage notes

Found in restaurant signboards, for example.

Derived terms

References

^ 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese). Entry available online here.
^ Paula Doe, Yakamochi Ōtomo (1982) A Warbler's Song in the Dusk: The Life and Work of Ōtomo Yakamochi (718-785), illustrated edition, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 81
^ Robin D. Gill (2009) A Dolphin in the Woods Composite Translation, Paraversing & Distilling Prose, illustrated edition, Paraverse Press, →ISBN, page 215
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ “鰻”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

鰻 (eumhun 뱀장어 만 (baemjang'eo man))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Naver Hanja Dictionary: 鰻

Okinawan

Kanji

鰻

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

Kun: っんなじ ('nnaji)

Etymology

/ʔunaɡi/ → /ʔɴ̩nad͡ʑi/

Cognate with Japanese 鰻.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ʔn̩nad͡ʑi]

Noun

鰻(っんなじ) ('nnaji)

an eel

Vietnamese

Han character

鰻: Hán Việt readings: man
鰻: Nôm readings: man

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

[GYJ-1] 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese). Entry available online here.

[2] Paula Doe, Yakamochi Ōtomo (1982) A Warbler's Song in the Dusk: The Life and Work of Ōtomo Yakamochi (718-785), illustrated edition, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 81

[3] Robin D. Gill (2009) A Dolphin in the Woods Composite Translation, Paraversing & Distilling Prose, illustrated edition, Paraverse Press, →ISBN, page 215

[DJR-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJS-5] Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[6] “鰻”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[NHK-7] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

鰻

Translingual

Han character

Descendants

Further reading

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

Descendants

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

See also

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Derived terms

References

Korean

Hanja

References

Okinawan

Kanji

Readings

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Vietnamese

Han character

References