鴛鴦

Chinese


trad. (鴛鴦)	鴛	鴦
simp. (鸳鸯)	鸳	鸯
alternative forms	夗央

Wikipedia has an article on:

鴛鴦

鴛鴦 (mandarin ducks)

鴛鴦 (beverage)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yuānyāng

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄢㄧㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun¹ joeng¹ / jin¹ joeng¹
Gan (Wiktionary): yon¹ iong
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yên-yông / yân-yông

(Hailu, HRS): rhan^ˋ rhong^ˋ
Northern Min (KCR): ṳ́ing-ió̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): uŏng-iŏng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): eng¹ ieo¹ / eng¹ iuⁿ¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): oan-iuⁿ / oan-ioⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): uang¹ ion¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ioe-ian₁

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuānyāng → yuānyang (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢㄧㄤ → ㄩㄢ ˙ㄧㄤ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuanyång
  - Wade–Giles: yüan¹-yang⁵
  - Yale: ywān-yang
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iuan.iang
  - Palladius: юаньян (juanʹjan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn⁵⁵ jɑŋ⁵⁵/ → /ɥɛn⁵⁵ jɑŋ²/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyun¹ joeng¹ / jin¹ joeng¹
  - Yale: yūn yēung / yīn yēung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyn¹ joeng¹ / jin¹ joeng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yun¹ yêng¹ / yin¹ yêng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵/, /jiːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: yon¹ iong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yɵn⁴² iɔŋ²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yên-yông
  - Hakka Romanization System: ien^ˊ iong^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan¹ yong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯oŋ²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yân-yông
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian^ˊ (r)iong^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan¹ yong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯oŋ²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: rhan^ˋ rhong^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /ʒan⁵³ ʒoŋ⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳ́ing-ió̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yiŋ⁵⁴ iɔŋ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: uŏng-iŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uoŋ⁵⁵ ^(Ø-)ŋyoŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: eng¹ ieo¹ [Phonetic: eng⁵ ngieo¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ^(Ø-)ŋieu⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: eng¹ iuⁿ¹ [Phonetic: eng⁵ ngiu¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ^(Ø-)ŋiu⁵³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oan-iuⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: uan-iunn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oan'viw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /uan⁴⁴⁻²² iũ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /uan⁴⁴⁻³³ iũ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /uan³³ iũ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oan-ioⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: uan-ionn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oan'vioy
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan⁴⁴⁻²² iɔ̃⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: uang¹ ion¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uang ioⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uaŋ³³⁻²³ ĩõ³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹ioe-ian₁
  - MiniDict: ioe^平 ian^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹yoe-ian₁
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /yø⁵⁵ iã²¹/

Middle Chinese: 'jwon|'won 'jang|'ang

Rime
Character	鴛	鴛	鴦	鴦
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	影 (34)	影 (34)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	元 (66)	魂 (55)	陽 (105)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I	III	I
Fanqie	於袁切	烏渾切	於良切	烏郎切
Baxter	'jwon	'won	'jang	'ang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔʉɐn/	/ʔuən/	/ʔɨɐŋ/	/ʔɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔʷiɐn/	/ʔuon/	/ʔiɐŋ/	/ʔɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiuɐn/	/ʔuən/	/ʔiɑŋ/	/ʔɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔuan/	/ʔwən/	/ʔɨaŋ/	/ʔaŋ/
Li Rong	/ʔiuɐn/	/ʔuən/	/ʔiaŋ/	/ʔɑŋ/
Wang Li	/ĭwɐn/	/uən/	/ĭaŋ/	/ɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯wɐn/	/ʔuən/	/ʔi̯aŋ/	/ʔɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuān	wēn	yāng	āng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun¹	wan¹	joeng¹	ong¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*quːn|qon qaːŋ|qaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鴦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yāng
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjang ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔaŋ/
English	female mandarin duck
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鴛	鴛	鴦	鴦
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/2	2/2
No.	16280	16288	14472	14491
Phonetic component	夗	夗	央	央
Rime group	文	元	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	2	3	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	𥁕	鴛	鴦	央
Old Chinese	/*quːn/	/*qon/	/*qaːŋ/	/*qaŋ/

Noun

鴛鴦

mandarin duck (Classifier: 隻／只; 雙／双; 對／对)
- 鴛鴦雙棲，蝶雙飛；
  滿園春色惹人醉。 [MSC, trad.]
  鸳鸯双栖，蝶双飞；
  满园春色惹人醉。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1986, 許鏡清 Xu Jingqing (music) & 楊潔 Yang Jie (lyrics), 《女儿情》 "Maiden's Love"
  Yuānyāng shuāngqī, dié shuāngfēi;
  Mǎnyuán chūnsè rě rén zuì. [Pinyin]
  The Mandarin ducks, drake and hen, perch together, the butterflies fly side-by-side;
  The inebriating spring's colours fill the garden.
(obsolete) ruddy shelduck
(figurative) objects or people occurring in inseparable pairs
(figurative) affectionate couple; happily married couple
yuenyeung (a beverage made from mixing coffee with Hong Kong-style milk tea) (Classifier: 杯)

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鴛鴦):

→ Japanese: 鴛(えん)鴦(おう) (en'ō)
→ Korean: 원앙(鴛鴦) (wonang)
→ Vietnamese: uyên ương (鴛鴦)

Others:

→ English: yuenyeung (from Cantonese)
→ English: yuanyang (from Mandarin)
⇒ Zhuang: roegyaemyieng

Proper noun

鴛鴦

(～鄉) Yuanyang (a township in Maojian district, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

Japanese

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

鴛鴦

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Mandarin duck

Wikipedia

鴛鴦 (oshi, oshidori, en'ō): a pair of mandarin ducks.

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
鴛	鴦
おし
Hyōgai	Hyōgai
jukujikun

From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720.^[1]

/wosi/ → /oɕi/

Further derivation unclear. Possibly from Old and Classical Japanese adjective 愛し (woshi, modern reading oshi, “dear, loving”), from the way the ducks are believed to mate for life and seldom stray far from one another. This interpretation is traced back to readings applied to the Nihon Shoki and understandings of the 詩経 (Shikyō, “Shījīng” or “Classic of Poetry”).^[1]

The spelling is from Chinese, with 鴛 representing the male bird and 鴦 representing the female bird.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) おし [óꜜshì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [o̞ɕi]

Noun

鴛鴦(おし) or 鴛鴦(オシ) • (oshi) ^{←をし (wosi) or ヲシ (wosi)^?}

[from 720] (archaic, poetic) older name of the 鴛鴦(おしどり) (oshidori, “mandarin duck”)
[from 1220] a kind of 家紋(かもん) (kamon, “family crest”) featuring a mandarin duck

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as オシ.

Derived terms

アメリカオシ (amerika oshi)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
鴛	鴦
おしどり
Hyōgai	Hyōgai
jukujikun

From Old Japanese. First cited to the Man'yōshū of 759.^[1]

Compound of 鴛鴦 (oshi, “mandarin duck”) +‎ 鳥 (tori, “bird”). The tori changes to dori as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) おしどり [òshíꜜdòrì] (Nakadaka – [2])^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [o̞ɕido̞ɾʲi]

Noun

鴛鴦(おしどり) or 鴛鴦(オシドリ) • (oshidori) ^{←をしどり (wosidori) or ヲシドリ (wosidori)^?}

[from 759] a mandarin duck, Aix galericulata
[from 1739] (figurative) a pair of lovebirds, a loving couple
[from 1791] a topknot or bun hairstyle wherein the hair is bunched on each side in a shape vaguely resembling two mandarin ducks

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as オシドリ.

Derived terms

鴛鴦夫(おしどりふう)婦(ふ) (oshidori fūfu, “loving couple”)
アメリカオシドリ (amerika oshidori)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
鴛	鴦
えん Hyōgai	おう Hyōgai
kan'on

/weɴau/ → /weɴɔː/ → /eɴoː/

From Middle Chinese 鴛鴦 (MC 'jwon|'won 'jang|'ang, literally “male mandarin duck + female mandarin duck”). First cited in Japanese to a text from 835.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) えんおー [èń'óó] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ẽ̞ɰ̃o̞ː]

Noun

鴛(えん)鴦(おう) • (en'ō) ^{←ゑんあう (wen'au)^?}

[from 835] (rare) a mandarin duck, Aix galericulata
[from early 1100s] (rare, figurative) a pair of lovebirds, a loving couple

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 “鴛鴦”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
鴛	鴦

Noun

鴛鴦 • (wonang) (hangeul 원앙)

hanja form^? of 원앙 (“mandarin duck”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
鴛	鴦

Noun

鴛鴦

chữ Hán form of uyên ương (“mandarin duck”).

[KDJ2-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 “鴛鴦”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-4] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]