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Translingual
editTraditional | 雞 |
---|---|
Simplified | 鸡 |
Japanese | 鶏 |
Korean | 鷄 |
Han character
edit鶏 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+8, 19 strokes, cangjie input 月人竹日火 (BOHAF), composition ⿰⿱爫夫鳥)
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1494, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47074
- Dae Jaweon: page 2024, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 7, page 4641, character 14
- Unihan data for U+9D8F
Japanese
edit鶏 | |
鷄 |
Kanji
edit(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 鷄)
Readings
edit- Go-on: け (ke)
- Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
- Kun: にわとり (niwatori, 鶏, Jōyō)←にはとり (nifatori, 鶏, historical)、とり (tori, 鶏)、かけ (kake, 鶏)、くたかけ (kutakake)
Compounds
edit- 鶏冠 (keikan, “cockscomb”)
- 鶏肉 (keiniku, “chicken meat”)
- 烏骨鶏 (ukokkei): silky, silkie (breed of chicken)
- 黄鶏 (kashiwa): a Japanese native species of chicken with dark reddish-brown feathers; the meat thereof; chicken (meat)
- 水鶏, 秧鶏 (kuina, “rail, water rail”)
- 軍鶏 (gunkei)
- 軍鶏 (shamo, “gamecock”)
- 水鶏 (suikei, “rail; water rail”)
- 矮鶏 (chabo, “bantam”)
- 養鶏 (yōkei, “poultry farming, chicken raising”)
Etymology 1
editKanji in this term |
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鶏 |
にわとり Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
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鷄 (kyūjitai) 雞 |
⟨nipa tu to2ri⟩ → */nipatːəri/ → /nifatori/ → /niwatori/
Originally derived from the 枕詞 (makura kotoba, “pillow word”, an epithet as a poetic device) compound phrase 庭つ鳥 (niwa tsu tori), 庭 (niwa, “garden”) + つ (tsu, Old Japanese possessive particle) + 鳥 (tori, “bird”), used in Old Japanese poetry as an allusive introduction to kake, the older word for “chicken” (see below). The medial tsu disappeared over time, yielding modern Japanese niwatori.[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit鶏 or 鶏 • (niwatori) ←にはとり (nifatori)?
Usage notes
edit- As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ニワトリ.
Proverbs
edit- 鶏を割くに焉んぞ牛刀を用いん (niwatori o saku ni izukun zo gyūtō o mochiin, “why chop a chicken with a meat cleaver? → don't exaggerate”)
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
鶏 |
かけ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
鷄 (kyūjitai) 雞 |
⟨kake1⟩ → */kakʲe/ → /kake/ From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).
Onomatopoeic of the sound made by a chicken.[1][2] Compare English cluck.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- a chicken (domesticated fowl)
- Synonym: 臼辺鳥 (usubedori)
- 711–712, Kojiki, poem 2:
- [...] 爾波都登理 迦祁波那久 [...] [Man'yōgana]
- [...] 庭つ鳥 鶏は鳴く [...] [Modern spelling]
- ...niwa tsu tori, kake wa naku...
- the garden bird, the chicken clucks
Etymology 3
editKanji in this term |
---|
鶏 |
くたかけ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
鷄 (kyūjitai) |
First attested in The Tales of Ise.
This word has also been spelled as くだかけ (kudakake). This word must have been a compound of くた (kuta/kuda) + 鶏 (kake, “chicken; rooster”).
However, the initial kuta-/kuda- portion has been subject to debate. Several sources have attempted to give an etymology:[3]
- The Hikobae of 1847 and the Daigenkai derive kuta- as a word meaning 'stinky'.
- The Kita-no-bezuihitsu, Meigentsū, and the Minakata-Kumakusu derive this from 百済鶏 (kudara-kake, literally “Baekje chicken”), saying that the chicken was imported from there.
- The Wakun-no-Shiori derives kuta as an eastern word for "house". The same source also supposes a Sanskrit origin, transcribed as kukutaeshira, and also supposes it was derived from 管掛 (kuda-kake) from the way it has a good voice.
- The Honchō Jigen derives this from kudo-kake, where kudo- means 'a passing sound' and -kake means 'to put on'.
- The Myōgoki derives kuda- from 数連 (kazutsura), while -kake is an onomatopoeic sound.
The third etymology is the most likely, as this note appears in several manuscripts of The Tales of Ise, and Vovin (2021) identifies kuda- with Ainu コタン (kotan, “village”) (cf. English village and villa). He also identifies the poem in The Tales of Ise as being a hybrid Japanese-Ainu poem.[4]
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- (archaic) a chicken (domesticated fowl)
- Synonym: 臼辺鳥 (usubedori)
Usage notes
editEtymology 4
editKanji in this term |
---|
鶏 |
とり Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
鷄 (kyūjitai) 雞 |
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- Alternative spelling of 鳥 (tori): a chicken (domesticated fowl); chicken meat
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 “くた‐かけ 【鶏】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2021) “Ainu elements in early Japonic”, in Handbook of the Ainu Language,
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading け
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading けい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading にわとり
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading にはとり
- Japanese kanji with kun reading とり
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かけ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading くたかけ
- Japanese terms spelled with 鶏 read as にわとり
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 鶏
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 鶏 read as かけ
- Japanese onomatopoeias
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 鶏 read as くたかけ
- Japanese terms derived from Ainu
- Japanese terms with archaic senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 鶏 read as とり
- ja:Chickens