齋戒

See also: 斋戒

Chinese

		a fast; studio	swear off; warn against
trad. (齋戒)		齋	戒
simp. (斋戒)		斋	戒

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhāijiè

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄞ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaai¹ gaai³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chai-kài

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zê¹ gai³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhāijiè
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄞ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhaijiè
    • Wade–Giles: chai¹-chieh⁴
    • Yale: jāi-jyè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaijieh
    • Palladius: чжайцзе (čžajcze)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zaai¹ gaai³
    • Yale: jāai gaai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaai¹ gaai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: zai¹ gai³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːi̯⁵⁵ kaːi̯³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chai-kài
    • Tâi-lô: tsai-kài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zai'kaix
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻²² kai²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai³³ kai⁴¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻³³ kai²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻³³ kai¹¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zê¹ gai³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tse kài
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡se³³⁻²³ kai²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: tsreaj keajH

Rime
Character	齋	戒
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	側皆切	古拜切
Baxter	tsreaj	keajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠɛi/	/kˠɛiH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚæi/	/kᵚæiH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃɐi/	/kɐiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂəɨj/	/kəɨjH/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃɛi/	/kɛiH/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃɐi/	/kɐiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂăi/	/kăiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhāi	jiè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaai1	gaai3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsˤr[ə]j  kˤrək-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsriːl  krɯːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	齋	戒
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhāi	jiè
Middle Chinese	‹ tsreaj ›	‹ kɛjH ›
Old Chinese	/*tsˁr[ə]j/	/*kˁrək-s/ (~ kˁrək)
English	purify oneself	be on guard
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	齋	戒
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	10031	6544
Phonetic component	齊	戒
Rime group	脂	代
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	齋	誡
Old Chinese	/*ʔsriːl/	/*krɯːɡs/

Verb

齋戒

1. to fast (restrict one’s consumption of food and abstain from various desires for religious purposes)
   1. (archaic, in feudal China) to bathe, change clothing, and abstain from meat, alcohol and sexual activity

      • 趙王送璧時，齋戒五日，今大王亦宜齋戒五日，設九賓於廷，臣乃敢上璧。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
        赵王送璧时，斋戒五日，今大王亦宜斋戒五日，设九宾于廷，臣乃敢上璧。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

        From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

        Zhào wáng sòng bì shí, zhāijiè wǔ rì, jīn dàwáng yì yí zhāijiè wǔ rì, shè jiǔbīn yú tíng, chén nǎi gǎn shàng bì. [Pinyin]

        (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   2. (Islam) to practice sawm

Synonyms

• (practice sawm): 封齋／封斋 (fēngzhāi), 把齋／把斋 (bǎzhāi)

Derived terms

• 齋戒月 / 斋戒月 (Zhāijièyuè)
• 齋戒沐浴 / 斋戒沐浴 (zhāijièmùyù)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (齋戒):

• → Japanese: 斎戒(さいかい) (saikai, “purification for spiritual purposes”)
• → Korean: 재계(齋戒) (jaegye)
• → Vietnamese: trai giới (齋戒)