맑다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄆᆞᆰ다 (Yale: molk.ta).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ma̠k̚t͈a̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [막따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	makda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	malgda
McCune–Reischauer?	makta
Yale Romanization?	malkta

Adjective

맑다 • (makda) (infinitive 맑아, sequential 맑으니)

1. (air, water, material) to be clear, clean, fresh, pure, limpid, transparent

   물이 너무 맑으면 물고기가 못산다.

   muri neomu malgeumyeon mulgogiga motsanda.

   Too clear waters breed and feed no fish.

2. (sky, weather) to be clear, fine, sunny
3. (sound, voice) to be clear, cheerful
4. (consciousness) to be clear, refreshed
5. (mind, spirit) to be clear, pure, virtuous, noble

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 맑다 (makda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	맑다 makda	맑아 malga	맑아요 malgayo	맑습니다 makseumnida
	Past	맑았다 malgatda	맑았어 malgasseo	맑았어요 malgasseoyo	맑았습니다 malgatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	맑으냐 malgeunya	맑아 malga	맑아요 malgayo	맑습니까 makseumnikka
	Past	맑았냐 malgannya	맑았어 malgasseo	맑았어요 malgasseoyo	맑았습니까 malgatseumnikka
Assertive		맑겠다 malgetda	맑겠어 malgesseo	맑겠어요 malgesseoyo	맑겠습니다 malgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		맑아 malga	맑아서 malgaseo	맑으니 malgeuni	맑으니까 malgeunikka
Contrast		맑지만 makjiman	맑은데 malgeunde	맑더니 makdeoni
Conjunction		맑고 malgo
Condition		맑으면 malgeumyeon	맑아야 malgaya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		맑음 malgeum	맑기 malgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		맑았음 malgasseum	맑았기 malgatgi
Determiners	Present		맑은 malgeun
	Future		맑을 malgeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	맑으시다 malgeusida	맑으셔 malgeusyeo	맑으세요, 맑으셔요 malgeuseyo, malgeusyeoyo	맑으십니다 malgeusimnida
	Past	맑으셨다 malgeusyeotda	맑으셨어 malgeusyeosseo	맑으셨어요 malgeusyeosseoyo	맑으셨습니다 malgeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	맑으시냐 malgeusinya	맑으셔 malgeusyeo	맑으세요, 맑으셔요 malgeuseyo, malgeusyeoyo	맑으십니까 malgeusimnikka
	Past	맑으셨냐 malgeusyeonnya	맑으셨어 malgeusyeosseo	맑으셨어요 malgeusyeosseoyo	맑으셨습니까 malgeusyeotseumnikka
Assertive		맑으시겠다 malgeusigetda	맑으시겠어 malgeusigesseo	맑으시겠어요 malgeusigesseoyo	맑으시겠습니다 malgeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		맑으셔 malgeusyeo	맑으셔서 malgeusyeoseo	맑으시니 malgeusini	맑으시니까 malgeusinikka
Contrast		맑으시지만 malgeusijiman	맑으신데 malgeusinde	맑으시더니 malgeusideoni
Conjunction		맑으시고 malgeusigo
Condition		맑으시면 malgeusimyeon	맑으셔야 malgeusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		맑으심 malgeusim	맑으시기 malgeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		맑으셨음 malgeusyeosseum	맑으셨기 malgeusyeotgi
Determiners	Present		맑으신 malgeusin
	Future		맑으실 malgeusil

Synonyms

• (weather): 개다 (gaeda, “to become clear, fine”)
• 깨끗하다 (kkaekkeuthada, “to be clean”)
• 순수하다 (純粹—, sunsuhada, “to be pure”)
• 투명하다 (透明—, tumyeonghada, “to be transparent”)
• 청 (淸, cheong, “to be clear, clean, pure”)
• 청 (晴, cheong, “to be clear, sunny”)

Antonyms

• 흐리다 (heurida, “to be impure, turbid, muddy; cloudy”)
• 탁 (濁, tak, “to be impure, turbid, muddy”)
• 담 (曇, dam, “to be cloudy”)

Derived terms

• 해맑다 (haemakda, “to be white and clean”)
• 말갛다 (malgata, “to be clear, transparent”)

Related terms

• 맑은 (malgeun):

  ～ 공기 (空氣, gonggi), 날씨 (nalssi), 눈 (nun), 마음 (ma'eum), 물 (mul), 바람 (baram), 삶 (sam), 소리 (sori), 수정 (水晶, sujeong), 술 (sul), 아침 (achim), 의식 (意識, uisik), 정신 (精神, jeongsin), 하늘 (haneul)

See also

• 물 (mul, “water”)
• 묽다 (mukda, “to be watery”)
• 불 (bul, “fire”)
• 붉다 (bukda, “to be red”)
• 밝다 (bakda, “to be bright”)