쉬다

Jeju

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɕʰwida̠/

Verb

쉬다 (swida)

1. to be hoarse
2. to breathe

References

• “쉬다” in Jeju's culture and language, Digital museum.

Korean

Etymology 1

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 쉬〯다〮 (Yale: swǔy-tá).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈʃʰɥi(ː)da̠] ~ [ˈʃʰy(ː)da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [쉬(ː)다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	swida
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	swida
McCune–Reischauer?	shwida
Yale Romanization?	swīta

Verb

Korean verb set

Base	쉬다 (swida)
Causative	쉬이다 (swiida)

쉬다 • (swida) (infinitive 쉬어, sequential 쉬니)

1. (intransitive) to rest, to break, to relax, to take a rest

   Synonym: 휴식(休息)하다 (hyusikhada)

2. (intransitive) (of an establishment) to be closed, to not work (e.g. for a holiday); (of a person) to take a break, to take time out (e.g. from working)

   Synonym: 놀다 (nolda)

3. (intransitive, by extension) to stay to rest (at a place), to lodge

   Synonym: 묵다 (mukda)

4. (intransitive, by extension) to sleep

   Synonym: 자다 (jada)

5. (transitive) (of one's body) to rest, to put to rest
6. (transitive) to rest from..., to be away from..., to take a break from..., to take time/a day off from...

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 쉬다 (swida): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	쉰다 swinda	쉬어 swieo	쉬어요 swieoyo	쉽니다 swimnida
	Past	쉬었다 swieotda	쉬었어 swieosseo	쉬었어요 swieosseoyo	쉬었습니다 swieotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	쉬느냐 swineunya	쉬어 swieo	쉬어요 swieoyo	쉽니까 swimnikka
	Past	쉬었느냐 swieonneunya	쉬었어 swieosseo	쉬었어요 swieosseoyo	쉬었습니까 swieotseumnikka
Hortative		쉬자 swija	쉬어 swieo	쉬어요 swieoyo	쉬십시다 swisipsida
Imperative		쉬어라 swieora	쉬어 swieo	쉬어요 swieoyo	쉽시오 swipsio
Assertive		쉬겠다 swigetda	쉬겠어 swigesseo	쉬겠어요 swigesseoyo	쉬겠습니다 swigetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		쉬어 swieo	쉬어서 swieoseo	쉬니 swini	쉬니까 swinikka
Contrast		쉬지만 swijiman	쉬는데 swineunde	쉬더니 swideoni
Conjunction		쉬고 swigo
Condition		쉬면 swimyeon	쉬어야 swieoya
Motive		쉬려고 swiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		쉼 swim	쉬기 swigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		쉬었음 swieosseum	쉬었기 swieotgi
Determiners	Past	쉰 swin
	Present	쉬는 swineun
	Future	쉴 swil

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	쉬신다 swisinda	쉬셔 swisyeo	쉬세요, 쉬셔요 swiseyo, swisyeoyo	쉬십니다 swisimnida
	Past	쉬셨다 swisyeotda	쉬셨어 swisyeosseo	쉬셨어요 swisyeosseoyo	쉬셨습니다 swisyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	쉬시느냐 swisineunya	쉬셔 swisyeo	쉬세요, 쉬셔요 swiseyo, swisyeoyo	쉬십니까 swisimnikka
	Past	쉬셨느냐 swisyeonneunya	쉬셨어 swisyeosseo	쉬셨어요 swisyeosseoyo	쉬셨습니까 swisyeotseumnikka
Imperative		쉬시라 swisira	쉬셔 swisyeo	쉬세요 swiseyo	쉬십시오 swisipsio
Assertive		쉬시겠다 swisigetda	쉬시겠어 swisigesseo	쉬시겠어요 swisigesseoyo	쉬시겠습니다 swisigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		쉬셔 swisyeo	쉬셔서 swisyeoseo	쉬시니 swisini	쉬시니까 swisinikka
Contrast		쉬시지만 swisijiman	쉬시는데 swisineunde	쉬시더니 swisideoni
Conjunction		쉬시고 swisigo
Condition		쉬시면 swisimyeon	쉬셔야 swisyeoya
Motive		쉬시려고 swisiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		쉬심 swisim	쉬시기 swisigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		쉬셨음 swisyeosseum	쉬셨기 swisyeotgi
Determiners	Past	쉬신 swisin
	Present	쉬시는 swisineun
	Future	쉬실 swisil

Derived terms

• 쉬엄쉬엄 (swieomswieom)

 

Related terms

• 쉽다 (swipda, “to be easy”)

Etymology 2

First attested in the Neung'eomgyeong eonhae (楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해), 1461, as Middle Korean 쉬〯다〮 (Yale: swǔy-tá).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈʃʰɥi(ː)da̠] ~ [ˈʃʰy(ː)da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [쉬(ː)다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	swida
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	swida
McCune–Reischauer?	shwida
Yale Romanization?	swīta

Verb

쉬다 • (swida) (infinitive 쉬어, sequential 쉬니)

1. (transitive) to breathe

   숨을 쉴 수가 없다! ― Sum-eul swil su-ga eopda! ― I can't breathe!

2. (transitive) to sigh

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 쉬다 (swida): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	쉰다 swinda	쉬어 swieo	쉬어요 swieoyo	쉽니다 swimnida
	Past	쉬었다 swieotda	쉬었어 swieosseo	쉬었어요 swieosseoyo	쉬었습니다 swieotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	쉬느냐 swineunya	쉬어 swieo	쉬어요 swieoyo	쉽니까 swimnikka
	Past	쉬었느냐 swieonneunya	쉬었어 swieosseo	쉬었어요 swieosseoyo	쉬었습니까 swieotseumnikka
Hortative		쉬자 swija	쉬어 swieo	쉬어요 swieoyo	쉬십시다 swisipsida
Imperative		쉬어라 swieora	쉬어 swieo	쉬어요 swieoyo	쉽시오 swipsio
Assertive		쉬겠다 swigetda	쉬겠어 swigesseo	쉬겠어요 swigesseoyo	쉬겠습니다 swigetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		쉬어 swieo	쉬어서 swieoseo	쉬니 swini	쉬니까 swinikka
Contrast		쉬지만 swijiman	쉬는데 swineunde	쉬더니 swideoni
Conjunction		쉬고 swigo
Condition		쉬면 swimyeon	쉬어야 swieoya
Motive		쉬려고 swiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		쉼 swim	쉬기 swigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		쉬었음 swieosseum	쉬었기 swieotgi
Determiners	Past	쉰 swin
	Present	쉬는 swineun
	Future	쉴 swil

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	쉬신다 swisinda	쉬셔 swisyeo	쉬세요, 쉬셔요 swiseyo, swisyeoyo	쉬십니다 swisimnida
	Past	쉬셨다 swisyeotda	쉬셨어 swisyeosseo	쉬셨어요 swisyeosseoyo	쉬셨습니다 swisyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	쉬시느냐 swisineunya	쉬셔 swisyeo	쉬세요, 쉬셔요 swiseyo, swisyeoyo	쉬십니까 swisimnikka
	Past	쉬셨느냐 swisyeonneunya	쉬셨어 swisyeosseo	쉬셨어요 swisyeosseoyo	쉬셨습니까 swisyeotseumnikka
Imperative		쉬시라 swisira	쉬셔 swisyeo	쉬세요 swiseyo	쉬십시오 swisipsio
Assertive		쉬시겠다 swisigetda	쉬시겠어 swisigesseo	쉬시겠어요 swisigesseoyo	쉬시겠습니다 swisigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		쉬셔 swisyeo	쉬셔서 swisyeoseo	쉬시니 swisini	쉬시니까 swisinikka
Contrast		쉬시지만 swisijiman	쉬시는데 swisineunde	쉬시더니 swisideoni
Conjunction		쉬시고 swisigo
Condition		쉬시면 swisimyeon	쉬셔야 swisyeoya
Motive		쉬시려고 swisiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		쉬심 swisim	쉬시기 swisigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		쉬셨음 swisyeosseum	쉬셨기 swisyeotgi
Determiners	Past	쉬신 swisin
	Present	쉬시는 swisineun
	Future	쉬실 swisil

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 내리쉬다 (naeriswida)
• 내쉬다 (naeswida)
• 들이쉬다 (deuriswida)
• 몰아쉬다 (moraswida)
• 숨쉬다 (sumswida)
• 치쉬다 (chiswida)

Etymology 3

First attested in the Hunmong jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527, as Middle Korean 쉬〯다〮 (Yale: swǔy-tá).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈʃʰɥi(ː)da̠] ~ [ˈʃʰy(ː)da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [쉬(ː)다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	swida
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	swida
McCune–Reischauer?	shwida
Yale Romanization?	swīta

Verb

Korean verb set

Base	쉬다 (swida)
Causative	쉬우다 (swiuda)

쉬다 • (swida) (infinitive 쉬어, sequential 쉬니)

1. (intransitive, of food) to spoil, to go bad, to turn sour

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 쉬다 (swida): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	쉰다 swinda	쉬어 swieo	쉬어요 swieoyo	쉽니다 swimnida
	Past	쉬었다 swieotda	쉬었어 swieosseo	쉬었어요 swieosseoyo	쉬었습니다 swieotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	쉬느냐 swineunya	쉬어 swieo	쉬어요 swieoyo	쉽니까 swimnikka
	Past	쉬었느냐 swieonneunya	쉬었어 swieosseo	쉬었어요 swieosseoyo	쉬었습니까 swieotseumnikka
Hortative		쉬자 swija	쉬어 swieo	쉬어요 swieoyo	쉬십시다 swisipsida
Imperative		쉬어라 swieora	쉬어 swieo	쉬어요 swieoyo	쉽시오 swipsio
Assertive		쉬겠다 swigetda	쉬겠어 swigesseo	쉬겠어요 swigesseoyo	쉬겠습니다 swigetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		쉬어 swieo	쉬어서 swieoseo	쉬니 swini	쉬니까 swinikka
Contrast		쉬지만 swijiman	쉬는데 swineunde	쉬더니 swideoni
Conjunction		쉬고 swigo
Condition		쉬면 swimyeon	쉬어야 swieoya
Motive		쉬려고 swiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		쉼 swim	쉬기 swigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		쉬었음 swieosseum	쉬었기 swieotgi
Determiners	Past	쉰 swin
	Present	쉬는 swineun
	Future	쉴 swil

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	쉬신다 swisinda	쉬셔 swisyeo	쉬세요, 쉬셔요 swiseyo, swisyeoyo	쉬십니다 swisimnida
	Past	쉬셨다 swisyeotda	쉬셨어 swisyeosseo	쉬셨어요 swisyeosseoyo	쉬셨습니다 swisyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	쉬시느냐 swisineunya	쉬셔 swisyeo	쉬세요, 쉬셔요 swiseyo, swisyeoyo	쉬십니까 swisimnikka
	Past	쉬셨느냐 swisyeonneunya	쉬셨어 swisyeosseo	쉬셨어요 swisyeosseoyo	쉬셨습니까 swisyeotseumnikka
Imperative		쉬시라 swisira	쉬셔 swisyeo	쉬세요 swiseyo	쉬십시오 swisipsio
Assertive		쉬시겠다 swisigetda	쉬시겠어 swisigesseo	쉬시겠어요 swisigesseoyo	쉬시겠습니다 swisigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		쉬셔 swisyeo	쉬셔서 swisyeoseo	쉬시니 swisini	쉬시니까 swisinikka
Contrast		쉬시지만 swisijiman	쉬시는데 swisineunde	쉬시더니 swisideoni
Conjunction		쉬시고 swisigo
Condition		쉬시면 swisimyeon	쉬셔야 swisyeoya
Motive		쉬시려고 swisiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		쉬심 swisim	쉬시기 swisigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		쉬셨음 swisyeosseum	쉬셨기 swisyeotgi
Determiners	Past	쉬신 swisin
	Present	쉬시는 swisineun
	Future	쉬실 swisil

Etymology 4

First attested in the Gugeupganibang eonhae (救急簡易方諺解 / 구급간이방언해), 1489, as Middle Korean 쉬〯다〮 (Yale: swǔy-tá).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈʃʰɥi(ː)da̠] ~ [ˈʃʰy(ː)da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [쉬(ː)다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	swida
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	swida
McCune–Reischauer?	shwida
Yale Romanization?	swīta

Verb

쉬다 • (swida) (infinitive 쉬어, sequential 쉬니)

1. (intransitive, of voice) to become hoarse

   Synonym: 갈리다 (gallida)

   목이 쉬다

   mog-i swida

   to get a hoarse throat

   쉰 목소리

   swin moksori

   a hoarse voice

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 쉬다 (swida): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	쉰다 swinda	쉬어 swieo	쉬어요 swieoyo	쉽니다 swimnida
	Past	쉬었다 swieotda	쉬었어 swieosseo	쉬었어요 swieosseoyo	쉬었습니다 swieotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	쉬느냐 swineunya	쉬어 swieo	쉬어요 swieoyo	쉽니까 swimnikka
	Past	쉬었느냐 swieonneunya	쉬었어 swieosseo	쉬었어요 swieosseoyo	쉬었습니까 swieotseumnikka
Hortative		쉬자 swija	쉬어 swieo	쉬어요 swieoyo	쉬십시다 swisipsida
Imperative		쉬어라 swieora	쉬어 swieo	쉬어요 swieoyo	쉽시오 swipsio
Assertive		쉬겠다 swigetda	쉬겠어 swigesseo	쉬겠어요 swigesseoyo	쉬겠습니다 swigetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		쉬어 swieo	쉬어서 swieoseo	쉬니 swini	쉬니까 swinikka
Contrast		쉬지만 swijiman	쉬는데 swineunde	쉬더니 swideoni
Conjunction		쉬고 swigo
Condition		쉬면 swimyeon	쉬어야 swieoya
Motive		쉬려고 swiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		쉼 swim	쉬기 swigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		쉬었음 swieosseum	쉬었기 swieotgi
Determiners	Past	쉰 swin
	Present	쉬는 swineun
	Future	쉴 swil

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	쉬신다 swisinda	쉬셔 swisyeo	쉬세요, 쉬셔요 swiseyo, swisyeoyo	쉬십니다 swisimnida
	Past	쉬셨다 swisyeotda	쉬셨어 swisyeosseo	쉬셨어요 swisyeosseoyo	쉬셨습니다 swisyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	쉬시느냐 swisineunya	쉬셔 swisyeo	쉬세요, 쉬셔요 swiseyo, swisyeoyo	쉬십니까 swisimnikka
	Past	쉬셨느냐 swisyeonneunya	쉬셨어 swisyeosseo	쉬셨어요 swisyeosseoyo	쉬셨습니까 swisyeotseumnikka
Imperative		쉬시라 swisira	쉬셔 swisyeo	쉬세요 swiseyo	쉬십시오 swisipsio
Assertive		쉬시겠다 swisigetda	쉬시겠어 swisigesseo	쉬시겠어요 swisigesseoyo	쉬시겠습니다 swisigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		쉬셔 swisyeo	쉬셔서 swisyeoseo	쉬시니 swisini	쉬시니까 swisinikka
Contrast		쉬시지만 swisijiman	쉬시는데 swisineunde	쉬시더니 swisideoni
Conjunction		쉬시고 swisigo
Condition		쉬시면 swisimyeon	쉬셔야 swisyeoya
Motive		쉬시려고 swisiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		쉬심 swisim	쉬시기 swisigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		쉬셨음 swisyeosseum	쉬셨기 swisyeotgi
Determiners	Past	쉬신 swisin
	Present	쉬시는 swisineun
	Future	쉬실 swisil

Derived terms

• 목쉬다 (mokswida)

 

Etymology 5

Of native Korean origin.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ʃʰɥida̠] ~ [ʃʰyda̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [쉬다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	swida
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	swida
McCune–Reischauer?	shwida
Yale Romanization?	swita

Verb

쉬다 • (swida) (infinitive 쉬어, sequential 쉬니)

1. (intransitive) Synonym of 쇠다 (soeda, “to become/get worse”)

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 쉬다 (swida): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	쉰다 swinda	쉬어 swieo	쉬어요 swieoyo	쉽니다 swimnida
	Past	쉬었다 swieotda	쉬었어 swieosseo	쉬었어요 swieosseoyo	쉬었습니다 swieotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	쉬느냐 swineunya	쉬어 swieo	쉬어요 swieoyo	쉽니까 swimnikka
	Past	쉬었느냐 swieonneunya	쉬었어 swieosseo	쉬었어요 swieosseoyo	쉬었습니까 swieotseumnikka
Hortative		쉬자 swija	쉬어 swieo	쉬어요 swieoyo	쉬십시다 swisipsida
Imperative		쉬어라 swieora	쉬어 swieo	쉬어요 swieoyo	쉽시오 swipsio
Assertive		쉬겠다 swigetda	쉬겠어 swigesseo	쉬겠어요 swigesseoyo	쉬겠습니다 swigetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		쉬어 swieo	쉬어서 swieoseo	쉬니 swini	쉬니까 swinikka
Contrast		쉬지만 swijiman	쉬는데 swineunde	쉬더니 swideoni
Conjunction		쉬고 swigo
Condition		쉬면 swimyeon	쉬어야 swieoya
Motive		쉬려고 swiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		쉼 swim	쉬기 swigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		쉬었음 swieosseum	쉬었기 swieotgi
Determiners	Past	쉰 swin
	Present	쉬는 swineun
	Future	쉴 swil

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	쉬신다 swisinda	쉬셔 swisyeo	쉬세요, 쉬셔요 swiseyo, swisyeoyo	쉬십니다 swisimnida
	Past	쉬셨다 swisyeotda	쉬셨어 swisyeosseo	쉬셨어요 swisyeosseoyo	쉬셨습니다 swisyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	쉬시느냐 swisineunya	쉬셔 swisyeo	쉬세요, 쉬셔요 swiseyo, swisyeoyo	쉬십니까 swisimnikka
	Past	쉬셨느냐 swisyeonneunya	쉬셨어 swisyeosseo	쉬셨어요 swisyeosseoyo	쉬셨습니까 swisyeotseumnikka
Imperative		쉬시라 swisira	쉬셔 swisyeo	쉬세요 swiseyo	쉬십시오 swisipsio
Assertive		쉬시겠다 swisigetda	쉬시겠어 swisigesseo	쉬시겠어요 swisigesseoyo	쉬시겠습니다 swisigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		쉬셔 swisyeo	쉬셔서 swisyeoseo	쉬시니 swisini	쉬시니까 swisinikka
Contrast		쉬시지만 swisijiman	쉬시는데 swisineunde	쉬시더니 swisideoni
Conjunction		쉬시고 swisigo
Condition		쉬시면 swisimyeon	쉬셔야 swisyeoya
Motive		쉬시려고 swisiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		쉬심 swisim	쉬시기 swisigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		쉬셨음 swisyeosseum	쉬셨기 swisyeotgi
Determiners	Past	쉬신 swisin
	Present	쉬시는 swisineun
	Future	쉬실 swisil