-τής
Ancient Greek
editAlternative forms
edit- -της (-tēs)
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Hellenic *-tās (whence also Mycenaean Greek 𐀑𐀴𐀲 (ki-ti-ta /ktitā(s)/, κτίτης)), probably a masculine formation from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ (perhaps still seen in Latin Monēta), feminine of *-tós. Originally used in adjectival compounds, the suffix's narrowing to agentivity may be by analogy to -τήρ (-tḗr) and -τωρ (-tōr).[1]
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tɛ̌ːs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /te̝s/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /tis/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /tis/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /tis/
Suffix
edit-τής • (-tḗs) m (genitive -τοῦ); first declension
- Appended to verbs to form agent nouns
- Βακχεύω (Bakkheúō, “to keep the feast of Bacchus”) + -τής (-tḗs) → Βακχευτής (Bakkheutḗs, “a Bacchanal”)
- ἀγρεύω (agreúō, “to take by hunting”) + -τής (-tḗs) → ἀγρευτής (agreutḗs, “a hunter”)
- αἰχμή (aikhmḗ, “a spear”) + -τής (-tḗs) → αἰχμητής (aikhmētḗs, “a spearman”)
- αὐλέω (auléō, “to play on the flute”) + -τής (-tḗs) → αὐλητής (aulētḗs, “a flute-player”)
- πειράω (peiráō, “to make an attempt on something”) + -τής (-tḗs) → πειρατής (peiratḗs, “a pirate, one who attacks ships”)
- ποιέω (poiéō, “to make”) + -τής (-tḗs) → ποιητής (poiētḗs, “a maker”)
- With -ίζω (-ízō) verbs:
- ἑλληνίζω (hellēnízō, “to speak the Greek language”) + -τής (-tḗs) → Ἑλληνιστής (Hellēnistḗs, “one who uses the Greek language”)
- Ἡρακλειτίζω (Hērakleitízō, “to be a follower of Heraclitus”) + -τής (-tḗs) → Ἡρακλειτιστής (Hērakleitistḗs, “follower of Heraclitus”)
- ἀγωνίζομαι (agōnízomai, “to compete for a prize”) + -τής (-tḗs) → ἀγωνιστής (agōnistḗs, “a competitor”)
- βαπτίζω (baptízō, “to dip in or under water”) + -τής (-tḗs) → βαπτιστής (baptistḗs, “one that dips, a baptizer”)
- κιθαρίζω (kitharízō, “to play the cithara”) + -τής (-tḗs) → κιθαριστής (kitharistḗs, “a player on the cithara”) (compare with the analogous recent guitarist)
- With -άζω (-ázō) verbs:
- ἀγοράζω (agorázō, “to buy in the agora”) + -τής (-tḗs) → ἀγοραστής (agorastḗs, “the slave who bought provisions for the house”)
- βιάζω (biázō, “to use force”) + -τής (-tḗs) → βιαστής (biastḗs, “one who uses force”)
- δικάζω (dikázō, “to judge”) + -τής (-tḗs) → δικαστής (dikastḗs, “a judge”)
- ἐνθουσιάζω (enthousiázō, “to be inspired by god”) + -τής (-tḗs) → ἐνθουσιαστής (enthousiastḗs, “one inspired by god”)
- πελτάζω (peltázō, “to serve as a _targeteer”) + -τής (-tḗs) → πελταστής (peltastḗs, “one who bears a light shield, a _targeteer”)
- With -όζω (-ózō) verbs:
- With -ύζω (-úzō) verbs:
Declension
editCase / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -τής -tḗs |
-τᾱ́ -tā́ |
-ταί -taí | ||||||||||
Genitive | -τοῦ -toû |
-ταῖν -taîn |
-τῶν -tôn | ||||||||||
Dative | -τῇ -têi |
-ταῖν -taîn |
-ταῖς -taîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | -τήν -tḗn |
-τᾱ́ -tā́ |
-τᾱ́ς -tā́s | ||||||||||
Vocative | -τᾰ́ -tá |
-τᾱ́ -tā́ |
-ταί -taí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
editDescendants
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 267
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 1-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek suffixes
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Ancient Greek noun-forming suffixes
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek first-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the first declension
- Ancient Greek masculine suffixes