-της

See also: της, τῆς, and -τής

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tɛːs/ → /tis/ → /tis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tɛːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /te̝s/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /tis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /tis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /tis/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Hellenic *-tāts, from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts. Cognate with Sanskrit -ताति (-tāti), and Latin -tās, from which English -ity.

Alternative forms

• -τᾱς (-tās) — Epic, Aeolic, Doric

Suffix

-της • (-tēs) f (genitive -τητος); third declension (Attic)

2. Forms nouns representing a state of being

Declension

Third declension of -της; -τητος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	-της -tēs	-τητε -tēte	-τητες -tētes
Genitive	-τητος -tētos	-τητοιν -tētoin	-τητων -tētōn
Dative	-τητῐ -tēti	-τητοιν -tētoin	-τησῐ / -τησῐν -tēsi(n)
Accusative	-τητᾰ -tēta	-τητε -tēte	-τητᾰς -tētas
Vocative	-της -tēs	-τητε -tēte	-τητες -tētes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ts.

Synonyms

• -ίᾰ (-ía), -ίᾱ (-íā), -σύνη (-súnē), -άς (-ás), -ος (-os) (neuter)

Derived terms

Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -της (abstract noun)

References

• Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part III: Formation of Words”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 840

Etymology 2

From Proto-Hellenic *-tās (whence also Mycenaean Greek 𐀑𐀴𐀲 (ki-ti-ta /⁠ktitā(s)⁠/, κτίτης)), probably a masculine formation from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ (perhaps still seen in Latin Monēta), feminine of *-tós. Originally used in adjectival compounds, the suffix's narrowing to agentivity may be by analogy to -τήρ (-tḗr) and -τωρ (-tōr). Compare Latin poeta from Ancient Greek ποιητής (poiētḗs), and Latin agricola from Latin -a.

Alternative forms

• -τής (-tḗs) — agent noun
• -τᾱς (-tās) — Epic, Aeolic, Doric

Suffix

-της • (-tēs) m (genitive -του); first declension

2. Added to noun stems to form masculine nouns of the person concerned with a thing
4. Added to verb stems to form masculine agent nouns: -er
6. Added to place names to form masculine demonyms: -ian

Declension

First declension of -της; -του (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	-της -tēs	-τᾱ -tā	-ται -tai
Genitive	-του -tou	-ταιν -tain	-τῶν -tôn
Dative	-τῃ -tēi	-ταιν -tain	-ταις -tais
Accusative	-την -tēn	-τᾱ -tā	-τᾱς -tās
Vocative	-τᾰ -ta	-τᾱ -tā	-ται -tai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Synonyms

• (person concerned): -τίς (-tís) (feminine), -εύς (-eús), -ειᾰ (-eia) (feminine), -ίς (-ís) (feminine), -ττᾰ (-tta) (feminine), -σσᾰ (-ssa) (feminine), -αινᾰ (-aina) (feminine)
• (agent noun): -τίς (-tís) (feminine), -τήρ (-tḗr), -τειρᾰ (-teira) (feminine), -τωρ (-tōr), -τρός (-trós), -τρίᾱ (-tríā) (feminine), -τρίς (-trís) (feminine)
• (demonym): -τίς (-tís) (feminine), -ίς (-ís) (feminine), -ιος (-ios), -κός (-kós), -ικός (-ikós), -ᾱνός (-ānós) -ηνός (-ēnós), -ῖνος (-înos)

Derived terms

• (by reanalysis) -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs)
• (by reanalysis) -στης (-stēs)

Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -της (agent noun)

Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -της (demonym)

Descendants

• Latin: -tēs

References

• Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part III: Formation of Words”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, §§ 839.1, 843.2, 844.2