-ина

See also: -иња

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈina]

Suffix

-ина • (-ina)

1. Suffix appended to words to create a feminine noun.

   ‎ѕид m (dzid) + ‎-ина (-ina) → ‎ѕидина f (dzidina)

   ‎без (bez, “without”) + ‎ветер m (veter, “wind”) + ‎-ина (-ina) → ‎безветрина f (bezvetrina, “windlessness”)

   ‎густ (gust, “thick, dense”) + ‎-ина (-ina) → ‎густина f (gustina, “density”)

Derived terms

Macedonian terms suffixed with -ина

Russian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

Pronunciation

• -ина: IPA^(key): [ʲɪnə]
• -и́на: IPA^(key): [ˈʲinə]

Suffix

-ина or -и́на • (-ina or -ína)

1. suffix appended to nouns to form concrete nouns having the quality of the original noun

   ‎верх (verx, “top, upper part”) + ‎-и́на (-ína) → ‎верши́на (veršína, “peak, summit”)

2. -age; suffix appended to verbs to form a noun denoting a result

   ‎проби́ть (probítʹ, “to break through, to pierce”) + ‎-ина (-ina) → ‎пробо́ина (probóina, “hole, breach”)

3. suffix appended to mass nouns to form a noun denoting an individual item

   ‎горо́х (goróx, “peas, pease”) + ‎-ина (-ina) → ‎горо́шина (goróšina, “a pea”)

   ‎же́мчуг (žémčug, “pearl (as a material), pearls”) + ‎-ина (-ina) → ‎жемчу́жина (žemčúžina, “a pearl”)

4. suffix appended to nouns or adjectives to form a noun denoting a kind of meat

   ‎бара́н (barán, “ram, sheep”) + ‎-ина (-ina) → ‎бара́нина (baránina, “mutton, lamb”)

   ‎свинья́ (svinʹjá, “pig, hog”) + ‎-и́на (-ína) → ‎свини́на (svinína, “pork”)

5. suffix forming an augmentative, usually informal

   ‎дом (dom, “house”) + ‎-и́на (-ína) → ‎доми́на (domína, “huge house”)

Usage notes

• This suffix triggers the Slavic first palatalization of final velar consonants.

Declension

Declension of -ина, -и́на (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	-ина, -и́на -ina, -ína	-ины, -и́ны -iny, -íny
genitive	-ины, -и́ны -iny, -íny	-ин, -и́н -in, -ín
dative	-ине, -и́не -ine, -íne	-инам, -и́нам -inam, -ínam
accusative	-ину, -и́ну -inu, -ínu	-ины, -и́ны -iny, -íny
instrumental	-иной, -иною, -и́ной, -и́ною -inoj, -inoju, -ínoj, -ínoju	-инами, -и́нами -inami, -ínami
prepositional	-ине, -и́не -ine, -íne	-инах, -и́нах -inax, -ínax

Derived terms

Russian terms suffixed with -ина

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʲɪˈna]

Suffix

-ина́ • (-iná)

1. -ness, -th; suffix appended to adjectives to form a (usually abstract) noun denoting a state or quality

   ‎глубо́кий (glubókij, “deep”) + ‎-ина́ (-iná) → ‎глубина́ (glubiná, “depth”)

   ‎то́лстый (tólstyj, “thick, fat”) + ‎-ина́ (-iná) → ‎толщина́ (tolščiná, “thickness”)

   ‎це́лый (célyj, “whole, intact”) + ‎-ина́ (-iná) → ‎целина́ (celiná, “virgin land, unbroken expanse”)

Usage notes

• This suffix triggers the Slavic first palatalization of final velar consonants.

Declension

Declension of -ина́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-b) 

	singular	plural
nominative	-ина́ -iná	-ины́ -iný
genitive	-ины́ -iný	-и́н -ín
dative	-ине́ -iné	-ина́м -inám
accusative	-ину́ -inú	-ины́ -iný
instrumental	-ино́й, -ино́ю -inój, -inóju	-ина́ми -inámi
prepositional	-ине́ -iné	-ина́х -ináx

Derived terms

Russian terms suffixed with -ина

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

Suffix

-ина (Latin spelling -ina)

1. Suffix appended to words to create a feminine noun, usually denoting salary, tax or fee.
2. Suffix appended to words to create a feminine noun, usually denoting an object or kind of meat
3. Suffix appended to noun roots to form an augmentative (the resulting noun is always feminine) frequently with pejorative connotation .

Declension

Declension of -ина

	singular	plural
nominative	-ина	-ине
genitive	-ине	-ина
dative	-ини	-инама
accusative	-ину	-ине
vocative	-ино	-ине
locative	-ини	-инама
instrumental	-ином	-инама

Derived terms

Serbo-Croatian terms suffixed with -ина

See also

• -арина
• -енина