-ति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• -ᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
• -တိ (Burmese script)
• -ति (Devanagari script)
• -ਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• -𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
• -ꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
• -𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• -តិ (Khmer script)
• -ຕິ (Lao script)
• -തി (Malayalam script)
• -ᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
• -𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
• -ᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
• -𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• -𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
• -ତି (Odia script)
• -ꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• -𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
• -𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
• -ති (Sinhalese script)
• -𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• -𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
• -தி (Tamil script)
• -ติ (Thai script)
• -་ཏི (Tibetan script)
• -𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ti/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t̪i/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *-tiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tiš, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis.

Suffix

-ति • (-ti) f

1. -ness

Usage notes

This suffix forms feminine i-stem nouns and is attached to the zero-grade of a root. As such, internal sandhi occurs. As examples:

• ‎गम् (gam, “to go”) + ‎-ति (-ti) → ‎गति (gati, “movement”) (when a root ends in n or m, that consonant is lost)
• ‎वच् (vac, “to speak”) + ‎-ति (-ti) → ‎उक्ति (ukti, “speech”) (roots that are not already in the zero-grade transform into their zero-grade forms)
• ‎युज् (yuj, “to join”) + ‎-ति (-ti) → ‎युक्ति (yukti, “joining”) (root-final palatal becomes velar before a dental consonant)

Declension

Feminine i-stem declension of -ति (-ti)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	-तिः -tiḥ	-ती -tī	-तयः -tayaḥ
Vocative	-ते -te	-ती -tī	-तयः -tayaḥ
Accusative	-तिम् -tim	-ती -tī	-तीः -tīḥ
Instrumental	-त्या / -ती¹ -tyā / -tī¹	-तिभ्याम् -tibhyām	-तिभिः -tibhiḥ
Dative	-तये / -त्यै² / -ती¹ -taye / -tyai² / -tī¹	-तिभ्याम् -tibhyām	-तिभ्यः -tibhyaḥ
Ablative	-तेः / -त्याः² / -त्यै³ -teḥ / -tyāḥ² / -tyai³	-तिभ्याम् -tibhyām	-तिभ्यः -tibhyaḥ
Genitive	-तेः / -त्याः² / -त्यै³ -teḥ / -tyāḥ² / -tyai³	-त्योः -tyoḥ	-तीनाम् -tīnām
Locative	-तौ / -त्याम्² / -ता¹ -tau / -tyām² / -tā¹	-त्योः -tyoḥ	-तिषु -tiṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Later Sanskrit ³Brāhmaṇas

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms suffixed with -ति

Descendants

• → Hindi: -ति (-ti)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European [Term?]. Related to the -tī in Latin vīgintī.

Alternative forms

• -ती (-tī), -टि (-ṭi), -टी (-ṭī)

Suffix

-ति • (-ti)

1. a suffix for some numerals indicating single-digit integer multiples of ten

   ‎षष् (ṣaṣ, “six”) + ‎-ति (-ti) → ‎षष्टि (ṣaṣṭi, “sixty”)

   ‎सप्त (sapta, “seven”) + ‎-ति (-ti) → ‎सप्तति (saptati, “seventy”)

   ‎अष्ट (aṣṭa, “eight”) + ‎-ति (-ti) → ‎अशीति (aśīti, “eighty”)

   ‎नव (nava, “nine”) + ‎-ति (-ti) → ‎नवति (navati, “ninety”)

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *-ti (third-person singular verb ending). Cognate with Latin -it (third-person singular of the third-conjugation ending -ō).

Suffix

-ति • (-ti)

1. Sanskrit present-tense active verbal suffix

Conjugation

Athematic:

Present: -ति (-ti), -ते (-te)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	-ति -ti	-तः -taḥ	-अन्ति -anti	-ते -te	-आते -āte	-अते -ate
Second	-सि -si	-थः -thaḥ	-थ -tha	-से -se	-आथे -āthe	-ध्वे -dhve
First	-मि -mi	-वः -vaḥ	-मः / -मसि¹ -maḥ / -masi¹	-ए -e	-वहे -vahe	-महे -mahe
Imperative
Third	-तु -tu	-ताम् -tām	-अन्तु -antu	-ताम् -tām	-आताम् -ātām	-अताम् -atām
Second	-धि -dhi	-तम् -tam	-त -ta	-स्व -sva	-आथाम् -āthām	-ध्वम् -dhvam
First	-आनि -āni	-आव -āva	-आम -āma	-ऐ -ai	-आवहै -āvahai	-आमहै -āmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	-यात् -yāt	-याताम् -yātām	-युः -yuḥ	-ईत -īta	-ईयाताम् -īyātām	-ईरन् -īran
Second	-याः -yāḥ	-यातम् -yātam	-यात -yāta	-ईथाः -īthāḥ	-ईयाथाम् -īyāthām	-ईध्वम् -īdhvam
First	-याम् -yām	-याव -yāva	-याम -yāma	-ईय -īya	-ईवहि -īvahi	-ईमहि -īmahi
Subjunctive
Third	-अत् / -अति -at / -ati	-अतः -ataḥ	-अन् -an	-अते / -आतै -ate / -ātai	-ऐते -aite	-अन्त / -आन्तै -anta / -āntai
Second	-अः / -असि -aḥ / -asi	-अथः -athaḥ	-अथ -atha	-असे / -आसै -ase / -āsai	-ऐथे -aithe	-अध्वे / -आध्वै -adhve / -ādhvai
First	-आनि / -आ -āni / -ā	-आव -āva	-आम -āma	-ऐ -ai	-आवहै -āvahai	-आमहै -āmahai
Participles
	-अत् -at			-आन -āna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: -त् (-t), -त (-ta)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	-त् -t	-ताम् -tām	-अन् -an	-त -ta	-आताम् -ātām	-अत -ata
Second	-ः -ḥ	-तम् -tam	-त -ta	-थाः -thāḥ	-आथाम् -āthām	-ध्वम् -dhvam
First	-अम् -am	-व -va	-म -ma	-इ -i	-वहि -vahi	-महि -mahi

Thematic:

Present: -अति (-ati), -अते (-ate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	-अति -ati	-अतः -ataḥ	-अन्ति -anti	-अते -ate	-एते -ete	-अन्ते -ante
Second	-असि -asi	-अथः -athaḥ	-अथ -atha	-असे -ase	-एथे -ethe	-अध्वे -adhve
First	-आमि -āmi	-आवः -āvaḥ	-आमः / -आमसि¹ -āmaḥ / -āmasi¹	-ए -e	-आवहे -āvahe	-आमहे -āmahe
Imperative
Third	-अतु -atu	-अताम् -atām	-अन्तु -antu	-अताम् -atām	-एताम् -etām	-अन्ताम् -antām
Second	-अ -a	-अतम् -atam	-अत -ata	-अस्व -asva	-एथाम् -ethām	-अध्वम् -adhvam
First	-आनि -āni	-आव -āva	-आम -āma	-ऐ -ai	-आवहै -āvahai	-आमहै -āmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	-एत् -et	-एताम् -etām	-एयुः -eyuḥ	-एत -eta	-एयाताम् -eyātām	-एरन् -eran
Second	-एः -eḥ	-एतम् -etam	-एत -eta	-एथाः -ethāḥ	-एयाथाम् -eyāthām	-एध्वम् -edhvam
First	-एयम् -eyam	-एव -eva	-एम -ema	-एय -eya	-एवहि -evahi	-एमहि -emahi
Subjunctive
Third	-आत् / -आति -āt / -āti	-आतः -ātaḥ	-आन् -ān	-आते / -आतै -āte / -ātai	-ऐते -aite	-अन्त / -आन्तै -anta / -āntai
Second	-आः / -आसि -āḥ / -āsi	-आथः -āthaḥ	-आथ -ātha	-आसे / -आसै -āse / -āsai	-ऐथे -aithe	-आध्वै -ādhvai
First	-आनि -āni	-आव -āva	-आम -āma	-ऐ -ai	-आवहै -āvahai	-आमहै -āmahai
Participles
	-अत् -at			-अमान -amāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: -अत् (-at), -अत (-ata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	-अत् -at	-अताम् -atām	-अन् -an	-अत -ata	-एताम् -etām	-अन्त -anta
Second	-अः -aḥ	-अतम् -atam	-अत -ata	-अथाः -athāḥ	-एथाम् -ethām	-अध्वम् -adhvam
First	-अम् -am	-आव -āva	-आम -āma	-ए -e	-आवहि -āvahi	-आमहि -āmahi

Descendants

• Pali: -ati
• Prakrit: -𑀅𑀤𑀺 (-adi), -𑀅𑀇 (-aï)
  • Central:
    • Old Hindi: -ऐ (-ai), -ए (-e)
      • Hindi: -ए (-e, third-person singular of -ना (-nā))

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “-ति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page {{{1}}}.