-ach
Chuukese
editSuffix
edit-ach
- (added to possessive nouns) our (inclusive)
Related terms
editSmall objects, concepts | Large objects, living things | Suffix | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First person | ai | nei | -ei |
Second person | omw, om | noum | -om | |
Third person | an | noun | -an | |
Plural | First person | äm (exclusive) ach (inclusive) |
nöu̇m (exclusive) nöüch (inclusive) |
-em (exclusive) -ach (inclusive) |
Second person | ämi, ami | noumi | -emi | |
Third person | ar | nour | -er |
Irish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂ + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos; compare Welsh -og. Doublet of -óg.
Alternative forms
edit- -each (slender form)
Suffix
edit-ach m
- Forms nouns from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’.
- Éire (“Ireland”) + -ach → Éireannach (“Irish (person)”)
- Sasana (“England”) + -ach → Sasanach (“English (person)”)
- Forms adjectives from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘connected or involved with, belonging to, having’.
Declension
editFor nouns:
|
For adjectives:
singular | plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | masculine | feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
nominative | -ach | -ach | -acha | |
vocative | -aigh | -acha | ||
genitive | -aí | -acha | -ach | |
dative | -ach | -ach; -aigh (archaic) |
-acha | |
Comparative | níos -aí | |||
Superlative | is -aí |
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editFrom Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-Vkos (V standing for any vowel), the genitive singular ending of certain nouns ending in *-Vxs.
Suffix
edit-ach
- forms the genitive singular of some fifth-declension nouns
Middle Irish
editEtymology
editFrom Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. Doublet of -óc.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-ach
- Forms adjectives meaning "related to, having, characterised by, prone to".
- Forms nouns meaning "person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having".
Usage notes
editAfter a palatalised consonant, the suffix becomes -ech.
Derived terms
editDescendants
editMiddle Welsh
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Brythonic *-ox, with the vowel altered by influence from -af.
Suffix
edit-ach
- forms a comparative adjective
Derived terms
editOld Irish
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. Doublet of -óc.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-ach
- Forms adjectives meaning "related to, having, characterised by, prone to".
- Forms nouns meaning "person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having".
Usage notes
editAfter a palatalised consonant, the suffix becomes -ech.
Inflection
editAdjective:
o/ā-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | -ach | -ach | -ach |
Vocative | -aig* -ach** | ||
Accusative | -ach | -aig | |
Genitive | -aig | -aige | -aig |
Dative | -uch | -aig | -uch |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | |
Nominative | -aig | -acha | |
Vocative | -achu -acha† | ||
Accusative | -achu -acha† | ||
Genitive | -ach | ||
Dative | -achaib | ||
Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative |
Noun:
Masculine o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | -ach | -achL | -aigL |
Vocative | -aig | -achL | -achuH |
Accusative | -achN | -achL | -achuH |
Genitive | -aigL | -ach | -achN |
Dative | -uchL | -achaib | -achaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Derived terms
editDescendants
editFurther reading
edit- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 347; reprinted 2017
Scottish Gaelic
editAlternative forms
edit- -each (slender form)
Etymology
editFrom Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos; compare Welsh -og. Doublet of -ag.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-ach (plural -aich or -aichean)
- Forming nouns from nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’.
Derived terms
editWelsh
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle Welsh -ach, from Proto-Brythonic *-ox, with the vowel altered by influence from -af.
Suffix
edit-ach
- Forms a comparative adjective.
Usage notes
editTriggers fortition of the final consonant of the adjectival stem.
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editAlternative forms
editSuffix
edit-ach
- pejorative suffix
Derived terms
editEtymology 3
editSuffix
edit-ach f
- suffix forming abstract nouns and some verbnouns
- cyfrin (“privy, cryptic”) + -ach → cyfrinach (“secret”)
- cyfaill (“friend”) + -ach → cyfeillach (“fellowship, companionship”)
- clinc (“clink, tinkle”) + tarddu (“emerge, erupt”) + -ach → clindarddarch (“crackling; to crackle”)
Derived terms
editReferences
editR. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-ach”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- Chuukese lemmas
- Chuukese suffixes
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish doublets
- Irish lemmas
- Irish suffixes
- Irish noun-forming suffixes
- Irish adjective-forming suffixes
- Irish masculine suffixes
- Irish first-declension nouns
- Irish inflectional suffixes
- Middle Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Middle Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Middle Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Middle Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Middle Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle Irish doublets
- Middle Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Irish lemmas
- Middle Irish suffixes
- Middle Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic
- Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic
- Middle Welsh lemmas
- Middle Welsh suffixes
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish doublets
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish suffixes
- Old Irish o/ā-stem adjectives
- Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Scottish Gaelic doublets
- Scottish Gaelic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Scottish Gaelic lemmas
- Scottish Gaelic suffixes
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh
- Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh suffixes
- Welsh feminine suffixes