-hem

See also: Appendix:Variations of "hem"

Albanian

Alternative forms

• -hna (Gheg)
• -nem — dialectal, Tosk

Etymology

-hem is the Tosk and Standard Albanian variant of the Gheg personal suffix -hna (“I, me”). Compound of mediopassive marker h + -em (“I, me”) personal suffix. Indicating 1st person singular (mediopassive, present). Used the same way as Greek verb and personal suffix "-μαι/-mai" (also 1st pers., sg., mediopassive, indicative, present). See Albanian -em for more.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hɛm/ (Standard)
• IPA^(key): /hem/

Suffix

-hem

1. suffix used for 1st person singular (mediopassive voice) - indicative, present form. Not used for verbs ending with h- (such as shpreh, eh, etc.; in this case suffix -em is used)
2. Forms verbs in mediopassive voice from active voice

   active bëj (“I do, make, appear”) + -hem → mediopassive bëhem (“I become, turn into”)

3. Forms mediopassive verbs from adjectives

   adjective shkurt (“short”) + o-stem + -hem → mediopassive verb shkurtohem (“I become shorter”)

Derived terms

Albanian terms suffixed with -hem

Related terms

• -em
• -hna
• -na