Danish

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Suffix

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-ig

  1. -y; forms adjectives from nouns

Derived terms

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Dutch

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Etymology

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From Middle Dutch -ich, from Old Dutch -ag, -ig, from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-agaz, *-īgaz, *-ugaz, each a variant of a common suffix *-gaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ig

  1. -y; forms adjectives from nouns
    Synonyms: -achtig, -erig
  2. -ed, having (when attached to a noun preceded by an adjective that describes the noun)
    roodharigred-haired
    dikhuidigthick-skinned
    tweebenigtwo-legged

Declension

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Declension of -ig
uninflected -ig
inflected -ige
comparative -iger
positive comparative superlative
predicative/adverbial -ig -iger het -igst
het -igste
indefinite m./f. sing. -ige -igere -igste
n. sing. -ig -iger -igste
plural -ige -igere -igste
definite -ige -igere -igste
partitive -igs -igers

Derived terms

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German

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Etymology

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From Middle High German -ec, -ic, from Old High German -ig, from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-gaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ɪç/ (Germany; less common in southern regiolects)
  • IPA(key): /ɪk/, /ɪɡ̊/, /iɡ̊/ (most common form in southern Germany, Austria, and Switzerland)
  • IPA(key): /ɪɕ/, /ɪʃ/ (all central German dialects)
  • Audio:(file)

Suffix

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-ig

  1. -y, -eous; forms adjectives from nouns
    Sonne (sun) + ‎-ig → ‎sonnig (sunny)
    Berg (mountain) + ‎-ig → ‎bergig (mountaineous)
  2. forms adjectives from verbs
    zittern (to shiver, to tremble) + ‎-ig → ‎zittrig (shaky, trembling)
    abhängen (to depend) + ‎-ig → ‎abhängig (dependent, addicted)
  3. forms adjectives from adverbs
    heute (today) + ‎-ig → ‎heutig (today's, of today)
    damals (back then, at the time) + ‎-ig → ‎damalig (former, then)

Declension

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Note: There are also contracted forms like -'ger.

Suffix

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-ig

  1. (Switzerland, colloquial) variation of -ung

Derived terms

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See also

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Hungarian

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Pronominal adverbs from case suffixes (cf. postpositions)
ed suffix who? what? this that he/she
(it)*
case v. pr. c.
nom. ki mi ez az ő* / -∅
az / -∅
acc. -t / -ot /
-at / -et / -öt
kit mit ezt azt őt* / -∅
azt / -∅
c1
c2
dat. -nak / -nek kinek minek ennek annak neki neki- c
ins. -val / -vel kivel mivel ezzel/
evvel
azzal/
avval
vele c
c-f. -ért kiért miért ezért azért érte c
tra. -vá / -vé kivé mivé ezzé azzá c
ter. -ig meddig eddig addig c
e-f. -ként (kiként) (miként) ekként akként c
e-m. -ul / -ül c
ine. -ban / -ben kiben miben ebben abban benne c
sup. -n/-on/-en/-ön kin min ezen azon rajta (rajta-) c
ade. -nál / -nél kinél minél ennél annál nála c
ill. -ba / -be kibe mibe ebbe abba bele bele- c
sub. -ra / -re kire mire erre arra rá- c
all. -hoz/-hez/-höz kihez mihez ehhez ahhoz hozzá hozzá- c
el. -ból / -ből kiből miből ebből abból belőle c
del. -ról / -ről kiről miről erről arról róla c
abl. -tól / -től kitől mitől ettől attól tőle c
*: Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be
construed likewise. – Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All »

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ig (terminative case suffix)

  1. (of place) to, up to
    Az állomásig busszal mentünk, de onnan hazáig már gyalog.We traveled by bus to the station but from there to home we walked.
  2. (of time) until, till
    Ötig dolgozom.I work until five o'clock.
  3. for a specified length of time
    A levél olyan hosszú volt, hogy tíz percig olvastam.The letter was so long that I was reading it for 10 minutes.

Usage notes

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  • It has no harmonic variants. It is used by both back-vowel and front-vowel words.
  • The above two senses may be ambiguous when hour or o'clock is mentioned, as in this sentence:
    Két óráig maradunk.We'll stay for two hours OR We'll stay until 2 o'clock.
To avoid this ambiguity, the accusative case may be employed when referring to the duration (Két órát maradunk), and the sentence may be rephrased when referring to the end point (Két óra múlva indulunk – We're leaving in two hours.)
  • (until): With pointlike events or places the meaning is usually clear. However, it is ambiguous when the given event itself lasts for some time or the given object is such that it matters whether it is included, excluded or partially included.
    Szerdáig van időd.You have time until Wednesday.
    • With exclusion: on Wednesday 00:01 A.M. you are already late (rare, one would probably say keddig; until Tuesday)
    • With partial inclusion: the border line is somewhere during the day (most likely)
    • With full inclusion: you have the full Wednesday (also possible)

See also

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Middle English

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Suffix

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-ig

  1. Alternative form of -y

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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From -ugr, Old Norse -igr (-y), from *-ugaz, Proto-Germanic *-īgaz (-y), from *-gaz (-y), from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos (-y). Certain words also from Low German -ig (-y) or German -ig (-y), from Middle High German -ec, -ic, from Old High German -ig, from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-gaz (-y), from Proto-Indo-European *-kos (-y).

Pronunciation

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  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Suffix

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-ig

  1. -y; forms adjectives from nouns

Derived terms

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “inherited from Old Norse or derived from Middle Low German loanwords?”)

Pronunciation

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  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Suffix

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-ig

  1. -y; forms adjectives from nouns

Derived terms

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See also

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Ojibwe

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Suffix

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-ig

  1. A suffix denoting the third person singular to first- or second-person singular form of a transitive animate verb (vta)

Old English

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Etymology 1

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    From Proto-West Germanic *-ag, -ig. Still distinct in the earliest texts.

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -iġ

    1. -y; forms adjectives from nouns and verbs
    Declension
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    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    • Middle English: -iȝ, -i, -y, -ich

    Etymology 2

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    From Proto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī, from Proto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij- (diminutive suffix).

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ig or -iġ

    1. Suffix creating diminutive nouns from other nouns.
      bōs
    Descendants
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    Old Saxon

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-Germanic *-gaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos.

    Suffix

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    -ig

    1. -y; forms adjectives from i-stem nouns and verbs
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    Scottish Gaelic

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    Suffix

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    -ig

    1. slender form of -aig

    Swedish

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    Etymology

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    From Old Norse -agr, -igr, from Proto-Germanic *-gaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos. Cognate with English -y. Compare Old English -ig.

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ig

    1. -y; forms adjectives from nouns and verbs
      is (ice) + ‎-ig → ‎isig (icy)
      kunna (be able to, know) + ‎-ig → ‎kunnig (knowledgeable)
    2. -ed (when attached to a compound of an adjective and a noun or verb it describes)
      Han är rödhårig
      He is red-haired

    Usage notes

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    • Often pronounced without the final 'g' (/ɪ/).
    • In (sense 2), "Han är rödhårad" reads like "He is red-hair'ed," as if someone has done "red hair" to him. The same reading is possible in English, but natural in Swedish.

    Declension

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    Inflection of -ig
    Indefinite positive comparative superlative1
    common singular -ig -igare -igast
    neuter singular -igt -igare -igast
    plural -iga -igare -igast
    masculine plural2 -ige -igare -igast
    Definite positive comparative superlative
    masculine singular3 -ige -igare -igaste
    all -iga -igare -igaste

    1 The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
    2 Dated or archaic.
    3 Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

    Derived terms

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    Welsh

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-Celtic *-ikos. Cognate with Cornish -ik, Breton -ig, Proto-Germanic *-igaz, Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós), Latin -icus.[1]

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ig

    1. forms adjectives from nouns, -y
      gwenwyn (poison) + ‎-ig → ‎gwenwynig (poisonous)
      pwys (weight, pound) + ‎-ig → ‎pwysig (important)
      Gwyddel (Irish man) + ‎-ig → ‎Gwyddelig (Irish)
    2. person or object with characteristics of the root word
      lloer (moon) + ‎-ig → ‎lloerig (lunatic)
      ysgol (school) + ‎-ha + ‎-ig → ‎ysgolhaig (scholar)
      calan (first day of the year) + ‎-ig → ‎calennig (New Year's gift)
    3. diminutive suffix, -let
      afon (river) + ‎-ig → ‎afonig (rivulet)
      barwn (baron) + ‎-ig → ‎barwnig (baronet)
      oen (lamb) + ‎-ig → ‎oenig (small ewe lamb)
    4. (chemistry) -ic, Used in chemical nomenclature to name chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a higher oxidation number than in the equivalent compound whose name ends in the suffix -us. For example asid nitrig (nitric acid, HNO3) has more oxygen atoms per molecule than asid nitrus (nitrous acid, HNO2).

    Derived terms

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    -edig (forms adjectives from verbs)

    References

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    1. ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 153 i 9

    Further reading

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    • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-ig”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
      NODES
    Note 7