-in

See also: Appendix:Variations of "in"

English

Etymology 1

Clipping of -ine.

Suffix

-in

(biochemistry) Used, as a modification of -ine, to form the names of a variety of types of compound; examples include proteins (globulin), carbohydrates (dextrin), dyes (alizarin) and others (vanillin).
1. a neutral chemical compound
  albumin, casein, chitin, pepsin, saponin
2. an enzyme
  renin, pancreatin
3. an antibiotic
  penicillin, streptomycin
4. a pharmaceutical product
  cobalamin, niacin, vitamin

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -in

Etymology 2

From the particle in, modelled after sit-in. Compare -off.

Suffix

-in

Attached to a word (usually a verb) to denote a protest, demonstration or other type of gathering characterized by the activity denoted by the base word.

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Clipping of -ing.

Alternative forms

-in’

Suffix

-in

(proscribed, dialect) Alternative form of -ing.

Etymology 4

Suffix

-in

Alternative form of -en
‎elf + ‎-in → ‎elfin

Anagrams

N.I., NI, ni

Azerbaijani

Etymology 1

Suffix

	preceding vowel
	A / I	E / Ə / İ	O / U	Ö / Ü
postconsonantal	-ın	-in	-un	-ün
postvocalic	-n

-in

Reflexive suffix.
‎örtmək (“to cover”) + ‎-ün → ‎örtünmək (“to cover oneself”)

‎gizləmək (“to hide”) + ‎-n → ‎gizlənmək (“to hide oneself”)
Suffix creating other types of verbs from other verbs.

Usage notes

Verbs with monosyllabic vowel-ending stems generally take a y before the suffixes -il, -in, or -iş:

‎demək (“to say”) + ‎-in → ‎deyinmək (“to say to oneself, to mutter”)

Derived terms

Azerbaijani terms suffixed with -in (reflexive)

Azerbaijani terms suffixed with -in

Etymology 2

Suffix

	preceding vowel
	A / I	E / Ə / İ	O / U	Ö / Ü
postconsonantal	-ın	-in	-un	-ün
postvocalic	-n

-in

Suffix creating nouns from verbs.

Declension

Declension of -in
	singular	plural
nominative	-in	-inlər
definite accusative	-ini	-inləri
dative	-inə	-inlərə
locative	-ində	-inlərdə
ablative	-indən	-inlərdən
definite genitive	-inin	-inlərin

Possessive forms of -in
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	-inim	-inlərim
sənin (“your”)	-inin	-inlərin
onun (“his/her/its”)	-ini	-inləri
bizim (“our”)	-inimiz	-inlərimiz
sizin (“your”)	-ininiz	-inləriniz
onların (“their”)	-ini or -inləri	-inləri
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	-inimi	-inlərimi
sənin (“your”)	-inini	-inlərini
onun (“his/her/its”)	-inini	-inlərini
bizim (“our”)	-inimizi	-inlərimizi
sizin (“your”)	-ininizi	-inlərinizi
onların (“their”)	-inini or -inlərini	-inlərini
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	-inimə	-inlərimə
sənin (“your”)	-ininə	-inlərinə
onun (“his/her/its”)	-ininə	-inlərinə
bizim (“our”)	-inimizə	-inlərimizə
sizin (“your”)	-ininizə	-inlərinizə
onların (“their”)	-ininə or -inlərinə	-inlərinə
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	-inimdə	-inlərimdə
sənin (“your”)	-inində	-inlərində
onun (“his/her/its”)	-inində	-inlərində
bizim (“our”)	-inimizdə	-inlərimizdə
sizin (“your”)	-ininizdə	-inlərinizdə
onların (“their”)	-inində or -inlərində	-inlərində
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	-inimdən	-inlərimdən
sənin (“your”)	-inindən	-inlərindən
onun (“his/her/its”)	-inindən	-inlərindən
bizim (“our”)	-inimizdən	-inlərimizdən
sizin (“your”)	-ininizdən	-inlərinizdən
onların (“their”)	-inindən or -inlərindən	-inlərindən
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	-inimin	-inlərimin
sənin (“your”)	-ininin	-inlərinin
onun (“his/her/its”)	-ininin	-inlərinin
bizim (“our”)	-inimizin	-inlərimizin
sizin (“your”)	-ininizin	-inlərinizin
onların (“their”)	-ininin or -inlərinin	-inlərinin

Derived terms

Azerbaijani terms suffixed with -in (nominal)

Etymology 3

Suffix

	preceding vowel
	A / I	E / Ə / İ	O / U	Ö / Ü
postconsonantal except after L	-ıl	-il	-ul	-ül
after L	-ın	-in	-un	-ün
postvocalic	-n

-in

Form of -il (“[passive suffix]”) after the vowels E / Ə / İ with the consonant L.

Derived terms

See -il.

Chuukese

Suffix

-in

of
Synonym: -en

Czech

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɪn/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech -in, from Proto-Slavic *-inъ.

Suffix

-in (adjective-forming suffix)

suffix deriving possessive adjectives from nouns of feminine gender, usually from proper and common personal nouns, sometimes also from nouns referring to animals
matčin bratr ― mother's brother

Declension

Declension of -in (possessive)

singular
	masculine animate	masculine inanimate	feminine	neuter
nominative	-in		-ina	-ino
genitive	-ina		-iny	-ina
dative	-inu		-ině	-inu
accusative	-ina	-in	-inu	-ino
locative	-ině, -inu		-ině	-ině, -inu
instrumental	-iným		-inou	-iným
plural
	masculine animate	masculine inanimate	feminine	neuter
nominative	-ini	-iny		-ina
genitive	-iných
dative	-iným
accusative	-iny			-ina
locative	-iných
instrumental	-inými

Suffix

-in m inan (noun-forming suffix)

(chemistry) -ine (suffix used to form names of chemical substances)
adenin ― adenine

olomoucin ― olomoucine

Declension

Declension of -in (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	-in	-iny
genitive	-inu	-inů
dative	-inu	-inům
accusative	-in	-iny
vocative	-ine	-iny
locative	-inu	-inech
instrumental	-inem	-iny

Dutch

Alternative forms

-inne (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle Dutch -inne, from Old Dutch *-inna, from Proto-Germanic *-inī.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɪn/
Audio: (file)

Suffix

-in f (plural -innen, diminutive -innetje)

Forms nouns for the female counterpart of something.
Synonyms: -e, -egge, -es, -ster

Derived terms

Dutch terms suffixed with -in

Descendants

Afrikaans: -in

Finnish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-in (instrumental suffix), probably from Proto-Uralic *-ma.

Suffix

-in

Forms inanimate instrumental nouns from verbs.
‎avata (“to open”) + ‎-in → ‎avain (“key”)

‎keittää (“to cook, boil”) + ‎-in → ‎keitin (“appliance for cooking/boiling”)

‎puhella (“to chat, chatter”) + ‎-in → ‎puhelin (“telephone”)

‎elää (“to live”) + ‎-in → ‎eläin (“animal”)
Forms some diminutive nouns.
Used to form the combining form of some verbs.
‎asua (“to live (somewhere), reside”) + ‎-in → ‎asuin-

‎elää (“to live, be alive”) + ‎-in → ‎elin-

‎leipoa (“to bake”) + ‎-in → ‎leivin-

Declension

Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)

Inflection of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation)
nominative		-in	-imet
genitive		-imen	-imien -inten
partitive		-inta	-imia
illative		-imeen	-imiin
		singular	plural
nominative		-in	-imet
accusative	nom.	-in	-imet
accusative	gen.	-imen	-imet
genitive		-imen	-imien -inten
partitive		-inta	-imia
inessive		-imessa	-imissa
elative		-imesta	-imista
illative		-imeen	-imiin
adessive		-imella	-imilla
ablative		-imelta	-imilta
allative		-imelle	-imille
essive		-imena	-imina
translative		-imeksi	-imiksi
abessive		-imetta	-imitta
instructive		—	-imin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-imeni	-imeni
accusative	nom.	-imeni	-imeni
accusative	gen.	-imeni	-imeni
genitive		-imeni	-imieni -inteni
partitive		-intani	-imiani
inessive		-imessani	-imissani
elative		-imestani	-imistani
illative		-imeeni	-imiini
adessive		-imellani	-imillani
ablative		-imeltani	-imiltani
allative		-imelleni	-imilleni
essive		-imenani	-iminani
translative		-imekseni	-imikseni
abessive		-imettani	-imittani
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-imineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-imesi	-imesi
accusative	nom.	-imesi	-imesi
accusative	gen.	-imesi	-imesi
genitive		-imesi	-imiesi -intesi
partitive		-intasi	-imiasi
inessive		-imessasi	-imissasi
elative		-imestasi	-imistasi
illative		-imeesi	-imiisi
adessive		-imellasi	-imillasi
ablative		-imeltasi	-imiltasi
allative		-imellesi	-imillesi
essive		-imenasi	-iminasi
translative		-imeksesi	-imiksesi
abessive		-imettasi	-imittasi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-iminesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-imemme	-imemme
accusative	nom.	-imemme	-imemme
accusative	gen.	-imemme	-imemme
genitive		-imemme	-imiemme -intemme
partitive		-intamme	-imiamme
inessive		-imessamme	-imissamme
elative		-imestamme	-imistamme
illative		-imeemme	-imiimme
adessive		-imellamme	-imillamme
ablative		-imeltamme	-imiltamme
allative		-imellemme	-imillemme
essive		-imenamme	-iminamme
translative		-imeksemme	-imiksemme
abessive		-imettamme	-imittamme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-iminemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-imenne	-imenne
accusative	nom.	-imenne	-imenne
accusative	gen.	-imenne	-imenne
genitive		-imenne	-imienne -intenne
partitive		-intanne	-imianne
inessive		-imessanne	-imissanne
elative		-imestanne	-imistanne
illative		-imeenne	-imiinne
adessive		-imellanne	-imillanne
ablative		-imeltanne	-imiltanne
allative		-imellenne	-imillenne
essive		-imenanne	-iminanne
translative		-imeksenne	-imiksenne
abessive		-imettanne	-imittanne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-iminenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-imensa	-imensa
accusative	nom.	-imensa	-imensa
accusative	gen.	-imensa	-imensa
genitive		-imensa	-imiensa -intensa
partitive		-intaan -intansa	-imiaan -imiansa
inessive		-imessaan -imessansa	-imissaan -imissansa
elative		-imestaan -imestansa	-imistaan -imistansa
illative		-imeensa	-imiinsa
adessive		-imellaan -imellansa	-imillaan -imillansa
ablative		-imeltaan -imeltansa	-imiltaan -imiltansa
allative		-imelleen -imellensa	-imilleen -imillensa
essive		-imenaan -imenansa	-iminaan -iminansa
translative		-imekseen -imeksensa	-imikseen -imiksensa
abessive		-imettaan -imettansa	-imittaan -imittansa
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-imineen -iminensa

Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)

Inflection of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation)
nominative		-in	-imet
genitive		-imen	-imien -inten
partitive		-intä	-imiä
illative		-imeen	-imiin
		singular	plural
nominative		-in	-imet
accusative	nom.	-in	-imet
accusative	gen.	-imen	-imet
genitive		-imen	-imien -inten
partitive		-intä	-imiä
inessive		-imessä	-imissä
elative		-imestä	-imistä
illative		-imeen	-imiin
adessive		-imellä	-imillä
ablative		-imeltä	-imiltä
allative		-imelle	-imille
essive		-imenä	-iminä
translative		-imeksi	-imiksi
abessive		-imettä	-imittä
instructive		—	-imin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-imeni	-imeni
accusative	nom.	-imeni	-imeni
accusative	gen.	-imeni	-imeni
genitive		-imeni	-imieni -inteni
partitive		-intäni	-imiäni
inessive		-imessäni	-imissäni
elative		-imestäni	-imistäni
illative		-imeeni	-imiini
adessive		-imelläni	-imilläni
ablative		-imeltäni	-imiltäni
allative		-imelleni	-imilleni
essive		-imenäni	-iminäni
translative		-imekseni	-imikseni
abessive		-imettäni	-imittäni
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-imineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-imesi	-imesi
accusative	nom.	-imesi	-imesi
accusative	gen.	-imesi	-imesi
genitive		-imesi	-imiesi -intesi
partitive		-intäsi	-imiäsi
inessive		-imessäsi	-imissäsi
elative		-imestäsi	-imistäsi
illative		-imeesi	-imiisi
adessive		-imelläsi	-imilläsi
ablative		-imeltäsi	-imiltäsi
allative		-imellesi	-imillesi
essive		-imenäsi	-iminäsi
translative		-imeksesi	-imiksesi
abessive		-imettäsi	-imittäsi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-iminesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-imemme	-imemme
accusative	nom.	-imemme	-imemme
accusative	gen.	-imemme	-imemme
genitive		-imemme	-imiemme -intemme
partitive		-intämme	-imiämme
inessive		-imessämme	-imissämme
elative		-imestämme	-imistämme
illative		-imeemme	-imiimme
adessive		-imellämme	-imillämme
ablative		-imeltämme	-imiltämme
allative		-imellemme	-imillemme
essive		-imenämme	-iminämme
translative		-imeksemme	-imiksemme
abessive		-imettämme	-imittämme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-iminemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-imenne	-imenne
accusative	nom.	-imenne	-imenne
accusative	gen.	-imenne	-imenne
genitive		-imenne	-imienne -intenne
partitive		-intänne	-imiänne
inessive		-imessänne	-imissänne
elative		-imestänne	-imistänne
illative		-imeenne	-imiinne
adessive		-imellänne	-imillänne
ablative		-imeltänne	-imiltänne
allative		-imellenne	-imillenne
essive		-imenänne	-iminänne
translative		-imeksenne	-imiksenne
abessive		-imettänne	-imittänne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-iminenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-imensä	-imensä
accusative	nom.	-imensä	-imensä
accusative	gen.	-imensä	-imensä
genitive		-imensä	-imiensä -intensä
partitive		-intään -intänsä	-imiään -imiänsä
inessive		-imessään -imessänsä	-imissään -imissänsä
elative		-imestään -imestänsä	-imistään -imistänsä
illative		-imeensä	-imiinsä
adessive		-imellään -imellänsä	-imillään -imillänsä
ablative		-imeltään -imeltänsä	-imiltään -imiltänsä
allative		-imelleen -imellensä	-imilleen -imillensä
essive		-imenään -imenänsä	-iminään -iminänsä
translative		-imekseen -imeksensä	-imikseen -imiksensä
abessive		-imettään -imettänsä	-imittään -imittänsä
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-imineen -iminensä

Note that if the stem has gradation, it is (almost always) preserved.

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -in (instrumental)

Finnish terms suffixed with -in (diminutive)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-in (superlative suffix) (related to Karelian -in), probably from Proto-Uralic *-ma. The oblique stem -impA, -immA is influenced by the oblique stem -mpA, -mmA of comparatives.

Suffix

-in

Forms superlative adjectives.
‎heikko (“weak”) + ‎-in → ‎heikoin (“weakest”)

‎matala (“low, shallow”) + ‎-in → ‎matalin (“lowest, shallowest”)

‎ruma (“ugly”) + ‎-in → ‎rumin (“ugliest”)

‎suuri (“large, big”) + ‎-in → ‎suurin (“largest, biggest”)

Declension

Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)

Inflection of -in (Kotus type 36*H/sisin, mp-mm gradation)
nominative		-in	-immat
genitive		-imman	-impien -inten
partitive		-inta	-impia
illative		-impaan	-impiin
		singular	plural
nominative		-in	-immat
accusative	nom.	-in	-immat
accusative	gen.	-imman	-immat
genitive		-imman	-impien -inten -impain ^rare
partitive		-inta	-impia
inessive		-immassa	-immissa
elative		-immasta	-immista
illative		-impaan	-impiin
adessive		-immalla	-immilla
ablative		-immalta	-immilta
allative		-immalle	-immille
essive		-impana	-impina
translative		-immaksi	-immiksi
abessive		-immatta	-immitta
instructive		—	-immin
comitative		—	-impine

Possessive forms of -in (Kotus type 36*H/sisin, mp-mm gradation)

Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-impani	-impani
accusative	nom.	-impani	-impani
accusative	gen.	-impani	-impani
genitive		-impani	-impieni -inteni -impaini ^rare
partitive		-intani	-impiani
inessive		-immassani	-immissani
elative		-immastani	-immistani
illative		-impaani	-impiini
adessive		-immallani	-immillani
ablative		-immaltani	-immiltani
allative		-immalleni	-immilleni
essive		-impanani	-impinani
translative		-immakseni	-immikseni
abessive		-immattani	-immittani
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-impineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-impasi	-impasi
accusative	nom.	-impasi	-impasi
accusative	gen.	-impasi	-impasi
genitive		-impasi	-impiesi -intesi -impaisi ^rare
partitive		-intasi	-impiasi
inessive		-immassasi	-immissasi
elative		-immastasi	-immistasi
illative		-impaasi	-impiisi
adessive		-immallasi	-immillasi
ablative		-immaltasi	-immiltasi
allative		-immallesi	-immillesi
essive		-impanasi	-impinasi
translative		-immaksesi	-immiksesi
abessive		-immattasi	-immittasi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-impinesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-impamme	-impamme
accusative	nom.	-impamme	-impamme
accusative	gen.	-impamme	-impamme
genitive		-impamme	-impiemme -intemme -impaimme ^rare
partitive		-intamme	-impiamme
inessive		-immassamme	-immissamme
elative		-immastamme	-immistamme
illative		-impaamme	-impiimme
adessive		-immallamme	-immillamme
ablative		-immaltamme	-immiltamme
allative		-immallemme	-immillemme
essive		-impanamme	-impinamme
translative		-immaksemme	-immiksemme
abessive		-immattamme	-immittamme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-impinemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-impanne	-impanne
accusative	nom.	-impanne	-impanne
accusative	gen.	-impanne	-impanne
genitive		-impanne	-impienne -intenne -impainne ^rare
partitive		-intanne	-impianne
inessive		-immassanne	-immissanne
elative		-immastanne	-immistanne
illative		-impaanne	-impiinne
adessive		-immallanne	-immillanne
ablative		-immaltanne	-immiltanne
allative		-immallenne	-immillenne
essive		-impananne	-impinanne
translative		-immaksenne	-immiksenne
abessive		-immattanne	-immittanne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-impinenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-impansa	-impansa
accusative	nom.	-impansa	-impansa
accusative	gen.	-impansa	-impansa
genitive		-impansa	-impiensa -intensa -impainsa ^rare
partitive		-intaan -intansa	-impiaan -impiansa
inessive		-immassaan -immassansa	-immissaan -immissansa
elative		-immastaan -immastansa	-immistaan -immistansa
illative		-impaansa	-impiinsa
adessive		-immallaan -immallansa	-immillaan -immillansa
ablative		-immaltaan -immaltansa	-immiltaan -immiltansa
allative		-immalleen -immallensa	-immilleen -immillensa
essive		-impanaan -impanansa	-impinaan -impinansa
translative		-immakseen -immaksensa	-immikseen -immiksensa
abessive		-immattaan -immattansa	-immittaan -immittansa
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-impineen -impinensa

Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)

Inflection of -in (Kotus type 36*H/sisin, mp-mm gradation)
nominative		-in	-immät
genitive		-immän	-impien -inten
partitive		-intä	-impiä
illative		-impään	-impiin
		singular	plural
nominative		-in	-immät
accusative	nom.	-in	-immät
accusative	gen.	-immän	-immät
genitive		-immän	-impien -inten -impäin ^rare
partitive		-intä	-impiä
inessive		-immässä	-immissä
elative		-immästä	-immistä
illative		-impään	-impiin
adessive		-immällä	-immillä
ablative		-immältä	-immiltä
allative		-immälle	-immille
essive		-impänä	-impinä
translative		-immäksi	-immiksi
abessive		-immättä	-immittä
instructive		—	-immin
comitative		—	-impine

Possessive forms of -in (Kotus type 36*H/sisin, mp-mm gradation)

Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-impäni	-impäni
accusative	nom.	-impäni	-impäni
accusative	gen.	-impäni	-impäni
genitive		-impäni	-impieni -inteni -impäini ^rare
partitive		-intäni	-impiäni
inessive		-immässäni	-immissäni
elative		-immästäni	-immistäni
illative		-impääni	-impiini
adessive		-immälläni	-immilläni
ablative		-immältäni	-immiltäni
allative		-immälleni	-immilleni
essive		-impänäni	-impinäni
translative		-immäkseni	-immikseni
abessive		-immättäni	-immittäni
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-impineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-impäsi	-impäsi
accusative	nom.	-impäsi	-impäsi
accusative	gen.	-impäsi	-impäsi
genitive		-impäsi	-impiesi -intesi -impäisi ^rare
partitive		-intäsi	-impiäsi
inessive		-immässäsi	-immissäsi
elative		-immästäsi	-immistäsi
illative		-impääsi	-impiisi
adessive		-immälläsi	-immilläsi
ablative		-immältäsi	-immiltäsi
allative		-immällesi	-immillesi
essive		-impänäsi	-impinäsi
translative		-immäksesi	-immiksesi
abessive		-immättäsi	-immittäsi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-impinesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-impämme	-impämme
accusative	nom.	-impämme	-impämme
accusative	gen.	-impämme	-impämme
genitive		-impämme	-impiemme -intemme -impäimme ^rare
partitive		-intämme	-impiämme
inessive		-immässämme	-immissämme
elative		-immästämme	-immistämme
illative		-impäämme	-impiimme
adessive		-immällämme	-immillämme
ablative		-immältämme	-immiltämme
allative		-immällemme	-immillemme
essive		-impänämme	-impinämme
translative		-immäksemme	-immiksemme
abessive		-immättämme	-immittämme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-impinemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-impänne	-impänne
accusative	nom.	-impänne	-impänne
accusative	gen.	-impänne	-impänne
genitive		-impänne	-impienne -intenne -impäinne ^rare
partitive		-intänne	-impiänne
inessive		-immässänne	-immissänne
elative		-immästänne	-immistänne
illative		-impäänne	-impiinne
adessive		-immällänne	-immillänne
ablative		-immältänne	-immiltänne
allative		-immällenne	-immillenne
essive		-impänänne	-impinänne
translative		-immäksenne	-immiksenne
abessive		-immättänne	-immittänne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-impinenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-impänsä	-impänsä
accusative	nom.	-impänsä	-impänsä
accusative	gen.	-impänsä	-impänsä
genitive		-impänsä	-impiensä -intensä -impäinsä ^rare
partitive		-intään -intänsä	-impiään -impiänsä
inessive		-immässään -immässänsä	-immissään -immissänsä
elative		-immästään -immästänsä	-immistään -immistänsä
illative		-impäänsä	-impiinsä
adessive		-immällään -immällänsä	-immillään -immillänsä
ablative		-immältään -immältänsä	-immiltään -immiltänsä
allative		-immälleen -immällensä	-immilleen -immillensä
essive		-impänään -impänänsä	-impinään -impinänsä
translative		-immäkseen -immäksensä	-immikseen -immiksensä
abessive		-immättään -immättänsä	-immittään -immittänsä
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-impineen -impinensä

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -in (superlative)

Etymology 3

See -n.

Suffix

-in

Instructive plural suffix.
kaksin käsin ― with two hands

paljain silmin ― with bare eyes

pitkin askelin ― with long steps

hyvissä ajoin ― in good time

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -in (instructive)

Etymology 4

Probably by metathesis.

Suffix

-in (poetic)

A variant for the first-person singular possessive suffix -ni.
rakkain (for rakkaani)

syödäksein (for syödäkseni)

Usage notes

The use of this suffix is restricted to cases where it is not preceded by a labial vowel (o, u, y, ö), the vowel i, a long vowel (it is shortened if necessary) or a diphthong (since it itself forms a diphthong). It is not used if the resulting word would be monosyllabic.

Etymology 5

From Proto-Finnic *-in (adjectival suffix), a variant of the diminutive suffix Proto-Finnic *-ma.

Suffix

-in

(non-productive) Forms some adjectives.

Declension

Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)

Inflection of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation)
nominative		-in	-imet
genitive		-imen	-imien -inten
partitive		-inta	-imia
illative		-imeen	-imiin
		singular	plural
nominative		-in	-imet
accusative	nom.	-in	-imet
accusative	gen.	-imen	-imet
genitive		-imen	-imien -inten
partitive		-inta	-imia
inessive		-imessa	-imissa
elative		-imesta	-imista
illative		-imeen	-imiin
adessive		-imella	-imilla
ablative		-imelta	-imilta
allative		-imelle	-imille
essive		-imena	-imina
translative		-imeksi	-imiksi
abessive		-imetta	-imitta
instructive		—	-imin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-imeni	-imeni
accusative	nom.	-imeni	-imeni
accusative	gen.	-imeni	-imeni
genitive		-imeni	-imieni -inteni
partitive		-intani	-imiani
inessive		-imessani	-imissani
elative		-imestani	-imistani
illative		-imeeni	-imiini
adessive		-imellani	-imillani
ablative		-imeltani	-imiltani
allative		-imelleni	-imilleni
essive		-imenani	-iminani
translative		-imekseni	-imikseni
abessive		-imettani	-imittani
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-imineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-imesi	-imesi
accusative	nom.	-imesi	-imesi
accusative	gen.	-imesi	-imesi
genitive		-imesi	-imiesi -intesi
partitive		-intasi	-imiasi
inessive		-imessasi	-imissasi
elative		-imestasi	-imistasi
illative		-imeesi	-imiisi
adessive		-imellasi	-imillasi
ablative		-imeltasi	-imiltasi
allative		-imellesi	-imillesi
essive		-imenasi	-iminasi
translative		-imeksesi	-imiksesi
abessive		-imettasi	-imittasi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-iminesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-imemme	-imemme
accusative	nom.	-imemme	-imemme
accusative	gen.	-imemme	-imemme
genitive		-imemme	-imiemme -intemme
partitive		-intamme	-imiamme
inessive		-imessamme	-imissamme
elative		-imestamme	-imistamme
illative		-imeemme	-imiimme
adessive		-imellamme	-imillamme
ablative		-imeltamme	-imiltamme
allative		-imellemme	-imillemme
essive		-imenamme	-iminamme
translative		-imeksemme	-imiksemme
abessive		-imettamme	-imittamme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-iminemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-imenne	-imenne
accusative	nom.	-imenne	-imenne
accusative	gen.	-imenne	-imenne
genitive		-imenne	-imienne -intenne
partitive		-intanne	-imianne
inessive		-imessanne	-imissanne
elative		-imestanne	-imistanne
illative		-imeenne	-imiinne
adessive		-imellanne	-imillanne
ablative		-imeltanne	-imiltanne
allative		-imellenne	-imillenne
essive		-imenanne	-iminanne
translative		-imeksenne	-imiksenne
abessive		-imettanne	-imittanne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-iminenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-imensa	-imensa
accusative	nom.	-imensa	-imensa
accusative	gen.	-imensa	-imensa
genitive		-imensa	-imiensa -intensa
partitive		-intaan -intansa	-imiaan -imiansa
inessive		-imessaan -imessansa	-imissaan -imissansa
elative		-imestaan -imestansa	-imistaan -imistansa
illative		-imeensa	-imiinsa
adessive		-imellaan -imellansa	-imillaan -imillansa
ablative		-imeltaan -imeltansa	-imiltaan -imiltansa
allative		-imelleen -imellensa	-imilleen -imillensa
essive		-imenaan -imenansa	-iminaan -iminansa
translative		-imekseen -imeksensa	-imikseen -imiksensa
abessive		-imettaan -imettansa	-imittaan -imittansa
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-imineen -iminensa

Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)

Inflection of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation)
nominative		-in	-imet
genitive		-imen	-imien -inten
partitive		-intä	-imiä
illative		-imeen	-imiin
		singular	plural
nominative		-in	-imet
accusative	nom.	-in	-imet
accusative	gen.	-imen	-imet
genitive		-imen	-imien -inten
partitive		-intä	-imiä
inessive		-imessä	-imissä
elative		-imestä	-imistä
illative		-imeen	-imiin
adessive		-imellä	-imillä
ablative		-imeltä	-imiltä
allative		-imelle	-imille
essive		-imenä	-iminä
translative		-imeksi	-imiksi
abessive		-imettä	-imittä
instructive		—	-imin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-imeni	-imeni
accusative	nom.	-imeni	-imeni
accusative	gen.	-imeni	-imeni
genitive		-imeni	-imieni -inteni
partitive		-intäni	-imiäni
inessive		-imessäni	-imissäni
elative		-imestäni	-imistäni
illative		-imeeni	-imiini
adessive		-imelläni	-imilläni
ablative		-imeltäni	-imiltäni
allative		-imelleni	-imilleni
essive		-imenäni	-iminäni
translative		-imekseni	-imikseni
abessive		-imettäni	-imittäni
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-imineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-imesi	-imesi
accusative	nom.	-imesi	-imesi
accusative	gen.	-imesi	-imesi
genitive		-imesi	-imiesi -intesi
partitive		-intäsi	-imiäsi
inessive		-imessäsi	-imissäsi
elative		-imestäsi	-imistäsi
illative		-imeesi	-imiisi
adessive		-imelläsi	-imilläsi
ablative		-imeltäsi	-imiltäsi
allative		-imellesi	-imillesi
essive		-imenäsi	-iminäsi
translative		-imeksesi	-imiksesi
abessive		-imettäsi	-imittäsi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-iminesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-imemme	-imemme
accusative	nom.	-imemme	-imemme
accusative	gen.	-imemme	-imemme
genitive		-imemme	-imiemme -intemme
partitive		-intämme	-imiämme
inessive		-imessämme	-imissämme
elative		-imestämme	-imistämme
illative		-imeemme	-imiimme
adessive		-imellämme	-imillämme
ablative		-imeltämme	-imiltämme
allative		-imellemme	-imillemme
essive		-imenämme	-iminämme
translative		-imeksemme	-imiksemme
abessive		-imettämme	-imittämme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-iminemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-imenne	-imenne
accusative	nom.	-imenne	-imenne
accusative	gen.	-imenne	-imenne
genitive		-imenne	-imienne -intenne
partitive		-intänne	-imiänne
inessive		-imessänne	-imissänne
elative		-imestänne	-imistänne
illative		-imeenne	-imiinne
adessive		-imellänne	-imillänne
ablative		-imeltänne	-imiltänne
allative		-imellenne	-imillenne
essive		-imenänne	-iminänne
translative		-imeksenne	-imiksenne
abessive		-imettänne	-imittänne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-iminenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-imensä	-imensä
accusative	nom.	-imensä	-imensä
accusative	gen.	-imensä	-imensä
genitive		-imensä	-imiensä -intensä
partitive		-intään -intänsä	-imiään -imiänsä
inessive		-imessään -imessänsä	-imissään -imissänsä
elative		-imestään -imestänsä	-imistään -imistänsä
illative		-imeensä	-imiinsä
adessive		-imellään -imellänsä	-imillään -imillänsä
ablative		-imeltään -imeltänsä	-imiltään -imiltänsä
allative		-imelleen -imellensä	-imilleen -imillensä
essive		-imenään -imenänsä	-iminään -iminänsä
translative		-imekseen -imeksensä	-imikseen -imiksensä
abessive		-imettään -imettänsä	-imittään -imittänsä
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-imineen -iminensä

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -in (adjectival)

Etymology 6

From Proto-Finnic *-den (genitive plural suffix for some nouns), from the nominative plural ending *-t + genitive ending *-n (with an epenthetic *-e-).

Suffix

-in (rare)

Forms the genitive plural.

Usage notes

Suffixed to the nominative singular but the final -i changes to -e-.
Note, however, that the more common suffix for the genitive plural is -en added to the plural stem ending with i or j. A link consonant d is also sometimes present.
Nowadays this suffix is rare and usually gives an archaic tone. Certain proper nouns, however, retain this, e.g. Yhdysvaltain, from Yhdysvallat ("United States", singular stem Yhdysvalta-), where also the more modern form Yhdysvaltojen is possible.

Etymology 7

See -Vn (illative suffix).

Suffix

-in

Suffix variant for the illative singular, see -Vn.

Anagrams

-ni

French

Etymology

Inherited from Latin -īnus, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛ̃/

Suffix

-in (feminine -ine, masculine plural -ins, feminine plural -ines)

forms adjectives indicating a quality; -ish, -ic
‎enfant (“child”) + ‎-in → ‎enfantin (“childish”)

Suffix

-in m (plural -ins, feminine -ine)

forms nouns with a diminutive or pejorative quality
‎plaisant (“pleasant”) + ‎-in → ‎plaisantin (“joker, wiseass”)

‎ours (“bear”) + ‎-in → ‎oursin (“urchin”)

‎crotte (“animal dropping”) + ‎-in → ‎crottin (“manure”)

Derived terms

French terms suffixed with -in

Fula

Affix

-in

(Pulaar) makes verbs causative
‎jangude (“study, learn”) + ‎-in → ‎janginde (“teach”)

‎famude (“to unserstand”) + ‎-in → ‎faminde (“to explain something to someone”)

German

Etymology 1

From Middle High German -inne, -in, from Old High German -inna, -in, from Proto-West Germanic *-ini, from Proto-Germanic *-inī.

Alternative forms

-inn, -inne (both obsolete)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɪn/, [ɪn]
Audio: (file)
For speakers who realise -en as [ən], the distinction between both may at times be weak. However, most speakers have a syllabic nasal in -en and hence keep a very clear distinction.

Suffix

-in f (genitive -in, plural -innen)

creates the female form for many nouns for living beings; umlaut usually occurs in monosyllables, but rarely in polysyllables
‎Arbeitgeber (“employer”) + ‎-in → ‎Arbeitgeberin (“employer (female person or sexless company)”)

‎Autor (“author”) + ‎-in → ‎Autorin (“author (female person, i.e. a female author or authoress, or sexless company, abstract thing)”)

‎Gott (“god”) + ‎-in → ‎Göttin (“female god, goddess”)

‎Hund (“dog”) + ‎-in → ‎Hündin (“female dog, she-dog, bitch”)

‎Katze f (“cat”) + ‎-in → ‎Kätzin (“female cat, she-cat”)

‎Sänger (“singer”) + ‎-in → ‎Sängerin (“female singer”)

‎Pastor (“pastor”) + ‎-in → ‎Pastorin (“female pastor”)
1. (dated) names the wife of a person
  ‎Pastor (“pastor”) + ‎-in → ‎Pastorin (“wife of a pastor”)
2. (dated) creates female personal names (for wives and daughters)
  Schwarz (proper noun) → Schwarzin (a female person with the name Schwarz, that is the wife or daughter of someone named Schwarz)
  - 1743, Grosses vollständiges Universal Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Künste, Welche bishero durch menschlichen Verstand und Witz erfunden und verbessert worden […] Fünf und Dreyßigster Band Schle-Schwa, Leipzig & Hallle, page 2007:
    Schwartzin, (Sibylle) […] war eine Tochter Christian Schwartzens, […] gebohren 1621 […] und starb 1638 den 13 Jul.
    Schwartz (Sibylle [given name]) […] was a daughter of Christian Schwartz, […] born in 1621 […] and died on 13th July 1638.

Derived terms

German terms suffixed with -in

Descendants

→ Esperanto: -ino

Etymology 2

From Latin -īnus, from Ancient Greek -ινος (-inos).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-ˈiːn/
Audio: (file)

Suffix

-in n (genitive -ins, plural -ine)

(chemistry) -yne; -ine

Derived terms

German terms suffixed with -in (chemistry)

Etymology 3

From Proto-Slavic *-inъ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-ˈiːn/
Audio: (file)

Suffix

-in n (genitive -ins)

A suffix found in place names of Slavic origin, especially in northeastern Germany

Derived terms

German terms suffixed with -in (toponymy)

Ido

Suffix

-in

See -in-.

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Betawi -in, from Balinese -in.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɪn/
Hyphenation: in

Suffix

-in (non-active/imperative/basic -in, active nge- -in, passive di- -in) (colloquial, dialectal)

Used to form benefactive aspect on a verb.
beli (“to buy”) → beliin (“to buy (for)”)

bikin (“to make”) → bikinin (“to make (for)”)
Used to intensify a verb.
liat (“to see”) → liatin (“to look”)

denger (“to hear”) → dengerin (“to listen”)
Used to form causative aspect on a verb.
besar (“big”) → besarin (“to make big; to enlarge; to raise”)

panjang (“long”) → panjangin (“to make long; to extend”)
Used to transitivize a verb
naik (“to go up”) (intransitive) → naikin (“to go up”) (transitive)

ketawa (“to laugh”) → ketawain (“to laugh at”)

Usage notes

Especially for forming the causative aspect, this suffix can form a verb that is derived from an adjective or noun.

Derived terms

Indonesian terms suffixed with -in

Ingrian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-inën. Cognates include Finnish -inen, -nen and Estonian -ne.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-jne/, [-jne̞]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-in/, [-in]

Suffix

-in

Forms adjectives indicating the material of which something is made; -en
‎puu (“wood”) + ‎-in → ‎puin (“wooden”)
Forms diminutive nouns; -ie
‎lintu (“bird”) + ‎-in → ‎lintuin (“birdie”)

Declension

(back-vocalic)

Declension of -in (type 1/kärpäin, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	-in	-iset
genitive	-isen	-isiin
partitive	-ista, -ist	-isia
illative	-isee	-isii
inessive	-isees	-isiis
elative	-isest	-isist
allative	-iselle	-isille
adessive	-iseel	-isiil
ablative	-iselt	-isilt
translative	-iseks	-isiks
essive	-isenna, -iseen	-isinna, -isiin
exessive¹⁾	-isent	-isint
¹⁾ obsolete ^) the accusative* corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^) the comitative** is formed by adding the suffix -ka^? or -kä^? to the genitive.

(front-vocalic)

Declension of -in (type 1/kärpäin, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	-in	-iset
genitive	-isen	-isiin
partitive	-istä, -ist	-isiä
illative	-isee	-isii
inessive	-isees	-isiis
elative	-isest	-isist
allative	-iselle	-isille
adessive	-iseel	-isiil
ablative	-iselt	-isilt
translative	-iseks	-isiks
essive	-isennä, -iseen	-isinnä, -isiin
exessive¹⁾	-isent	-isint
¹⁾ obsolete ^) the accusative* corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^) the comitative** is formed by adding the suffix -ka^? or -kä^? to the genitive.

Derived terms

Ingrian terms suffixed with -in (similative)

Related terms

-hiin

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-in. Cognates include Finnish -in and Estonian -i.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-in/, [-in]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-in/, [-in]

Suffix

-in

Forms instrumental nouns from verbs.
‎avata (“to open”) + ‎-in → ‎avvain (“key”)

Declension

(back-vocalic)

Declension of -in (type 15/syän, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	-in	-imet
genitive	-imen	-imiin
partitive	-inta, -int	-imia
illative	-imee	-imii
inessive	-imees	-imiis
elative	-imest	-imist
allative	-imelle	-imille
adessive	-imeel	-imiil
ablative	-imelt	-imilt
translative	-imeks	-imiks
essive	-imenna, -imeen	-iminna, -imiin
exessive¹⁾	-iment	-imint
¹⁾ obsolete ^) the accusative* corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^) the comitative** is formed by adding the suffix -ka^? or -kä^? to the genitive.

(front-vocalic)

Declension of -in (type 15/syän, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	-in	-imet
genitive	-imen	-imiin
partitive	-intä, -int	-imiä
illative	-imee	-imii
inessive	-imees	-imiis
elative	-imest	-imist
allative	-imelle	-imille
adessive	-imeel	-imiil
ablative	-imelt	-imilt
translative	-imeks	-imiks
essive	-imennä, -imeen	-iminnä, -imiin
exessive¹⁾	-iment	-imint
¹⁾ obsolete ^) the accusative* corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^) the comitative** is formed by adding the suffix -ka^? or -kä^? to the genitive.

Derived terms

Ingrian terms suffixed with -in (instrumental)

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-in/, [-in]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-in/, [-in]

Suffix

-in

inflection of -ia:
1. first-person singular present indicative
2. first-person singular past indicative

Irish

Suffix

-in f

(biochemistry) -in

Declension

Declension of -in (second declension, no plural)

bare forms
case	singular
nominative	-in
vocative	a -in
genitive	-ine
dative	-in

forms with the definite article
case	singular
nominative	an -in
genitive	na -ine
dative	leis an -in don -in

Japanese

Romanization

-in

Rōmaji transcription of いん

Livvi

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-in. Cognates include Finnish -in and Estonian -i.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-in/

Suffix

-in

Forms inanimate instrumental nouns from verbs.
‎avata (“to open”) + ‎-in → ‎avain (“key”)

Declension

This suffix needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

Livvi terms suffixed with -in

Luxembourgish

Etymology

From Middle High German -inne, -in, -īn. Compare German -in.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /in/

Suffix

-in

used to form the female versions of agent nouns

Derived terms

Luxembourgish terms suffixed with -in

Maltese

Etymology

From Arabic ـِينَ (-īna), oblique case form of ـُونَ (-ūna), masculine personal plural suffix.

Suffix

-in

a common plural suffix
1. used in most nouns and adjectives derived with the native suffix -i
  ‎baħri (“sailor”) + ‎-in → ‎baħrin (“sailors”)
  
  ‎Malti (“Maltese”) + ‎-in → ‎Maltin
2. used in participles and some other native adjectives
  ‎maqtugħ (“cut, cut-off”) + ‎-in → ‎maqtugħin
  
  ‎ħelu (“sweet”) + ‎-in → ‎ħelwin

Marshallese

Alternative forms

in

Pronunciation

(phonetic) IPA^(key): [ʲ‿inʲ, ˠ‿inʲ, ˠ‿ɯnʲ, ʷ‿inʲ, ʷ‿unʲ]
(phonemic) IPA^(key): /-inʲ/
Bender phonemes: {-in}

Suffix

-in

Usage notes

This suffix is combined with nouns to create construct forms.

References

Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *-īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.

Suffix

-in

-en; creates adjectives for the material of which something is made.

Alternative forms

-ijn
-en

Derived terms

Middle Dutch terms suffixed with -in

Descendants

Dutch: -en

Northern Sami

Pronunciation

(Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈ-in/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Samic *-jnē, originally the essive case of a possessive adjective in *-j-.

Suffix

-in

The ending of the comitative singular case.

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Samic *-jnē, originally the plural essive form.

Suffix

-in

The ending of the locative plural case.

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Ojibwe

Final

-in

act on by hand (often with a sense of holding an object)

Derived terms

Suffix

-in

A suffix denoting the first-person singular to second-person singular form of a transitive animate verb (vta)

Suffix

-in

A local inverse them sign denoting that the second-person prefix gi- is the theme (object) of a transitive animate verb (vta) while the first-person agent (subject) is denoted by the verbal suffixes.

References

The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/in-final
The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/in-final-654923

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-inъ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈin/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈin/

Suffix

-in (adjective-forming suffix)

suffix deriving possessive adjectives from nouns of feminine gender, usually from proper and common personal nouns, sometimes also from nouns referring to animals

Declension

Declension of -in (possessive)

singular
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	-in	-ina	-ino
genitive	-ina	-iny	-ina
dative	-inu	-ině	-inu
accusative	-ina, -in	-inu	-ino
locative	-ině, -inu	-ině	-ině, -inu
instrumental	-iným	-inú	-iným
dual
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	-ina	-ině
genitive	-inú
dative	-inýma
accusative	-ina	-ině
locative	-inú
instrumental	-inýma
plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	-ini	-iny	-ina
genitive	-iných
dative	-iným
accusative	-iny		-ina
locative	-iných
instrumental	-inými

Related terms

-óv
-í

Descendants

Czech: -in

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.

Suffix

-īn

used to create adjectives from nouns
‎stein (“stone”) + ‎-īn → ‎steinīn (“made of stone”)

‎gold (“gold”) + ‎-īn → ‎guldīn (“golden”)

Descendants

German: -en

Old Norse

Suffix

-in

inflection of -inn (adjective suffix):
1. positive degree strong feminine nominative singular
2. positive degree strong neuter nominative/accusative plural
inflection of -inn (participle suffix):
1. strong feminine nominative singular
2. strong neuter nominative/accusative plural
inflection of -inn (definite article suffix):
1. feminine nominative singular
2. neuter nominative/accusative plural

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-inъ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /i(ː)n/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /in/

Suffix

-in

forms adjectives

Derived terms

Old Polish terms suffixed with -in

Descendants

Polish: -iny, -in

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

-in (Latin script)
& (Brahmi script)
& (Devanagari script)
& (Bengali script)
-ඉන් (Sinhalese script)
& or & (Burmese script)
& or & (Thai script)
& (Tai Tham script)
& or & (Lao script)
& (Khmer script)
& (Chakma script)

Suffix

-in

Adjective in -ī/-inī/-i, meaning possessing what is denoted by the base.

Usage notes

Independent vowels and vowel bearers are shown in the list of alternative forms to accord with basic grammar rules. These are converted to dependent vowels when the suffix is used.

Derived terms

Words using this suffix are listed in their own category. Note that normally only the Latin script forms are listed, as etymology sections are normally restricted to the Latin script form.

Pali terms suffixed with -in

Polish

Alternative forms

-yn

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /in/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -in
Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-in m inan

(chemistry) -ite
‎arsen + ‎-in → ‎arsenin

Declension

Declension of -in

	singular	plural
nominative	-in	-iny
genitive	-inu	-inów
dative	-inowi	-inom
accusative	-in	-iny
instrumental	-inem	-inami
locative	-inie	-inach
vocative	-inie	-iny

Derived terms

Polish terms suffixed with -in

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Polish -in, from Proto-Slavic *-inъ.

Suffix

-in

Alternative form of -iny

Portuguese

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈĩ/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈĩ/

Suffix

-in

Pronunciation spelling of -inho.

Related terms

-im, -in'

Scots

Alternative forms

-in', -ing

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɪn/, /ɪŋ/

Etymology 1

From Middle English -ing, from Old English -ing, -ung, from Proto-West Germanic *-ingu, *-ungu.

Suffix

-in

Used to form present participles of verbs.
Used to form nouns from verbs.

Etymology 2

From Middle English -ing, from Old English -ing.

Suffix

-in

Forms diminutives or to form collectives.

References

“-in, suff.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

Spanish

Suffix

-in m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ines)

Alternative form of -ing

Tagalog

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *-ən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ən, from Proto-Austronesian *-ən.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /in/ [ɪn̪], (colloquial) /en/ [ɛn̪]
Rhymes: -in
Syllabification: -in

Suffix

-in (verb-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜈ᜔ or ᜁᜈ᜔)

object trigger: to perform the action of the verb to someone or something
Lulutuin ko ang isda. ― I will cook the fish (literally, “The fish will be cooked by me.”) (The fish is focused.)
directional trigger: to do something in the (physical or psychological) direction of
Dinalaw namin ang lola ni Olivia. ― We visited the grandmother of Olivia. (literally, “Olivia's grandmother was visited by us.”) (The grandmother is focused.)
actor trigger: to be affected or overtaken by a condition, feeling or phenomenon
Binabaha ang bahay niya. ― His house gets flooded. (His house is focused.)
object trigger: (with root word reduplication) to do something occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and there
Iniisip ko minsan ang nakaraan ko. ― I sometimes think about my past. (literally, “My past is sometimes thought about by me.”) (My past is focused.)

Suffix

-in (adjective-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜈ᜔ or ᜁᜈ᜔)

prone to, susceptible to
‎lagnat (“fever”) + ‎-in → ‎lagnatin (“prone to fever”)

‎sakit (“illness”) + ‎-in → ‎sakitin (“prone to illness”)

Suffix

-in (noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜈ᜔ or ᜁᜈ᜔)

an object of the action expressed by the root
‎awit (“singing, song”) + ‎-in → ‎awitin (“song”)

‎aral (“lesson, studying”) + ‎-in → ‎aralin (“studies”)
(Quezon) nature and origin suffix
‎Quezon (“province”) + ‎-in → ‎Quezonin (“a native of Quezon”)

‎Sampaloc (“municipality”) + ‎-in → ‎Sampalukin (“a native of Sampaloc, Quezon”)

‎bayan (“town center or poblacion”) + ‎-in → ‎bayanin (“a local from the town center”)

‎linang (“farm or remote area”) + ‎-in → ‎linangin (“a local from the farm”)

Usage notes

Normally, /h/ is inserted before -in when the root word ends with a vowel that is not followed by a glottal stop. In some cases, phoneme change can occur and /h/ becomes /n/.
‎sabi + ‎-hin → ‎sabihin

‎talo + ‎-nin → ‎talunin

Sometimes, the final vowel of the root word disappears when the suffix is added.
‎sunod + ‎-in → ‎sundin

‎kamit + ‎-in → ‎kamtin

Due to allophony, /d/ turns into /r/ when inserted before -in.
‎hangad + ‎-in → ‎hangarin

‎baligtad + ‎-in → ‎baligtarin

‎bayad + ‎-in → ‎bayarin

Derived terms

Tagalog terms suffixed with -in

Anagrams

ni

Turkish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *-niŋ.

Suffix

-in

Genitive case suffix for the nouns which end in a consonant
‎öğretmen (“teacher”) + ‎-in → ‎öğretmenin (“teacher's/of the teacher”)

Usage notes

It's used only when the word's last vowel is "e" or "i". It may change into -ün, -ın and -un according to the last vowel of the word.
‎yüz + ‎-ün → ‎yüzün (the last vowel is "ö" or "ü")

‎saç + ‎-ın → ‎saçın (the last vowel is "a" or "ı")

‎yol + ‎-un → ‎yolun (the last vowel is "o" or "u")
If the word ends in "p", "ç", "t" or "k", it may change them into "b", "c", "d" and "ğ" (see below).
‎sebep + ‎-in → ‎sebebin

‎köpek + ‎-in → ‎köpeğin

‎çekiç + ‎-in → ‎çekicin

‎senet + ‎-in → ‎senedin
It may cause the last vowel of the word dropped.
‎beyin + ‎-in → ‎beynin
If the word ends in a vowel, it's used with an auxiliary consonant; "n".
‎peri + ‎-nin → ‎perinin
It must be used with an apostrophe if it's appended to a proper noun. It cannot cause consonant voicing (point 3).
‎Canberk + ‎-in → ‎Canberk'in

Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *-iŋ.

Suffix

-in

Second-person singular possessive suffix denoting singular possession in words ending in a consonant.
‎ev (“house”) + ‎-in → ‎evin (“your house”)

‎ofis (“office”) + ‎-in → ‎ofisin (“your office”)

Usage notes

If the noun ends in a vowel, it becomes -n
‎kedi + ‎-n → ‎kedin
It's used only when the word's last vowel is "e" or "i". It may change into -ün, -ın and -un according to the last vowel of the word.
‎yüz + ‎-ün → ‎yüzün (the last vowel is "ö" or "ü")

‎saç + ‎-ın → ‎saçın (the last vowel is "a" or "ı")

‎yol + ‎-un → ‎yolun (the last vowel is "o" or "u")
If the word ends in "p", "ç", "t" or "k", it may change them into "b", "c", "d" and "ğ".
‎sebep + ‎-in → ‎sebebin

‎köpek + ‎-in → ‎köpeğin

‎çekiç + ‎-in → ‎çekicin

‎senet + ‎-in → ‎senedin
It may cause the last vowel of the word dropped.
‎beyin + ‎-in → ‎beynin
It must be used with an apostrophe if it's appended to a proper noun.
‎Canberk + ‎-in → ‎Canberk'in

Etymology 3

Suffix

-in

Reflexive suffix
‎giy- (“to wear”) + ‎-in → ‎giyin- (“to dress oneself”)

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *-in, from Proto-Celtic *-īnos, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɪn/
Rhymes: -ɪn

Suffix

-in f

forms nouns characterised by root
‎hesb (“barren, sterile”) + ‎-in → ‎hesbin (“young ewe”)

‎crib (“comb”) + ‎-in → ‎cribin (“rake”)
(obsolete) forms adjectives from nouns, usually nouns of material
‎pridd (“soil, earth”) + ‎-in → ‎priddin (“earthen”)

‎aur (“gold”) + ‎-in → ‎eurin (“golden”)

‎lledr (“leather”) + ‎-in → ‎lledrin (“leathern”)
forms adjectives from other adjectives
‎garw (“rough”) + ‎-in → ‎gerwin (“severe, harsh”)

Usage notes

-in causes i-affection of preceding vowels, e.g., ‎aur (“gold”) + ‎-in → ‎eurin (“golden”), ‎garw (“rough”) + ‎-in → ‎gerwin (“severe, harsh”).

Derived terms

Welsh terms suffixed with -in

References

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-in”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Wolof

Suffix

-in

forms nouns of manner
‎dox (“to walk”) + ‎-in → ‎doxin (“gait, walk, stride”)

‎sol (“to put on a garment of clothing”) + ‎-in → ‎colin (“a manner of dressing”)

-in

English

Etymology 1

Suffix

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Suffix

Derived terms

Further reading

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

Suffix

Etymology 4

Suffix

Anagrams

Azerbaijani

Etymology 1

Suffix

Usage notes

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Suffix

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Suffix

Derived terms

Chuukese

Suffix

Czech

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Suffix

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

Etymology 2

Suffix

Declension

Dutch

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Derived terms

Descendants

Finnish

Etymology 1

Suffix

Declension

Derived terms

See also

Etymology 2

Suffix

Declension

Derived terms

See also

Etymology 3

Suffix

Derived terms

Etymology 4

Suffix

Usage notes

Etymology 5

Suffix

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 6

Suffix

Usage notes

See also

Etymology 7

Suffix

Anagrams

French

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Suffix