-ma
Azerbaijani
editEtymology 1
editSuffix
editpreceding vowel | |
---|---|
A / I / O / U | E / Ə / İ / Ö / Ü |
-ma | -mə |
-ma
- Form of -mə after the vowels A / I / O / U.
Etymology 2
editSuffix
editpreceding vowel | |
---|---|
A / I / O / U | E / Ə / İ / Ö / Ü |
-ma | -mə |
-ma
- Form of -mə after the vowels A / I / O / U.
Bambara
editSuffix
edit-ma
- particle indicating a link between two people
Derived terms
editSuffix
edit-ma
- particle creating adjectives from common nouns
Derived terms
editChoctaw
editSuffix
edit-ma
See also
edit- -pa (“this”)
Dutch
editSuffix
edit-ma
- occurring in Dutch surnames of Frisian origin, ma is probably a shortened form of the old Frisian genitive plural -monna, 'the men's'. After this suffix had fallen into disuse in the Frisian language, it came to be considered as a suffix to form family names
Estonian
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Finnic *-ma. Cognate with Finnish -ma.
Suffix
edit-ma (da-infinitive -ta)
- Forms verbs from nouns.
Inflection
editindicative | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | -an | ei -a | 1st sing. | olen -anud | ei ole -anud pole -anud | ||||
2nd sing. | -ad | 2nd sing. | oled -anud | ||||||
3rd sing. | -ab | 3rd sing. | on -anud | ||||||
1st plur. | -ame | 1st plur. | oleme -anud | ||||||
2nd plur. | -ate | 2nd plur. | olete -anud | ||||||
3rd plur. | -avad | 3rd plur. | on -anud | ||||||
impersonal | -atakse | ei -ata | impersonal | on -atud | ei ole -atud pole -atud | ||||
past | pluperfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | -asin | ei -anud | 1st sing. | olin -anud | ei olnud -anud polnud -anud | ||||
2nd sing. | -asid | 2nd sing. | olid -anud | ||||||
3rd sing. | -as | 3rd sing. | oli -anud | ||||||
1st plur. | -asime | 1st plur. | olime -anud | ||||||
2nd plur. | -asite | 2nd plur. | olite -anud | ||||||
3rd plur. | -asid | 3rd plur. | oli -anud | ||||||
impersonal | -ati | ei -atud | impersonal | oli -atud | ei olnud -atud polnud -atud | ||||
conditional | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | -aksin | ei -aks | 1st sing. | -anuksin oleksin -anud |
ei -anuks ei oleks -anud poleks -anud | ||||
2nd sing. | -aksid | 2nd sing. | -anuksid oleksid -anud | ||||||
3rd sing. | -aks | 3rd sing. | -anuks oleks -anud | ||||||
1st plur. | -aksime | 1st plur. | -anuksime oleksime -anud | ||||||
2nd plur. | -aksite | 2nd plur. | -anuksite oleksite -anud | ||||||
3rd plur. | -aksid | 3rd plur. | -anuksid oleksid -anud | ||||||
impersonal | -ataks | ei -ataks | impersonal | oleks -atud | ei oleks -atud poleks -atud | ||||
imperative | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
2nd sing. | -a | ära -a | 2nd sing. | ole -anud | ära ole -anud | ||||
3rd sing. | -aku | ärgu -aku | 3rd sing. | olgu -anud | ärgu olgu -anud | ||||
1st plur. | -akem | ärme -ame ärme -a ärgem -akem |
1st plur. | olgem -anud | ärme oleme -anud ärme ole -anud ärgem olgem -anud | ||||
2nd plur. | -ake | ärge -ake | 2nd plur. | olge -anud | ärge olge -anud | ||||
3rd plur. | -aku | ärgu -aku | 3rd plur. | olgu -anud | ärgu olgu -anud | ||||
impersonal | -atagu | ärgu -atagu | impersonal | olgu -atud | ärgu olgu -atud | ||||
quotative | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
active | -avat | ei -avat | active | olevat -anud | ei olevat -anud polevat -anud | ||||
passive | -atavat | ei -atavat | passive | olevat -atud | ei olevat -atud polevat -atud | ||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||
ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
nominative | -ama | -atama | nominative | -ata | olla -anud | ||||
illative | — | inessive | -ates | olles -anud | |||||
inessive | -amas | participle | active | passive | |||||
elative | -amast | present | -av | -atav | |||||
translative | -amaks | past | -anud | -atud | |||||
abessive | -amata | negative | -amatu | — |
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editFrom Proto-Finnic *-ma. Cognate with Finnish -ma.
Suffix
edit-ma
- The suffix of the ma-infinitive, which is the lemma form of a verb.
Finnish
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Finnic *-ma, from Proto-Uralic *-ma (compare Moksha -ма (-ma) in эряма (eŕama, “life”), кулома (kuloma, “death”)).
Suffix
edit-ma (front vowel harmony variant -mä, linguistic notation -mA)
- Forms action/result nouns from verbs.
- (unproductive) Forms some diminutive nouns.
- Used to form the combining form of some verbs.
Inflection
editInflection of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | -ma | -mat | |
genitive | -man | -mien | |
partitive | -maa | -mia | |
illative | -maan | -miin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -ma | -mat | |
accusative | nom. | -ma | -mat |
gen. | -man | ||
genitive | -man | -mien -main rare | |
partitive | -maa | -mia | |
inessive | -massa | -missa | |
elative | -masta | -mista | |
illative | -maan | -miin | |
adessive | -malla | -milla | |
ablative | -malta | -milta | |
allative | -malle | -mille | |
essive | -mana | -mina | |
translative | -maksi | -miksi | |
abessive | -matta | -mitta | |
instructive | — | -min | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editFrom Proto-Finnic *-ma, from Proto-Uralic *-ma.
Suffix
edit-ma (front vowel harmony variant -mä, linguistic notation -mA)
- The suffix of the agent participle.
- The third infinitive suffix; not used on its own, and always receives one of a number of case endings.
Inflection
editInflection of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | -ma | -mat | |
genitive | -man | -mien | |
partitive | -maa | -mia | |
illative | -maan | -miin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -ma | -mat | |
accusative | nom. | -ma | -mat |
gen. | -man | ||
genitive | -man | -mien -main rare | |
partitive | -maa | -mia | |
inessive | -massa | -missa | |
elative | -masta | -mista | |
illative | -maan | -miin | |
adessive | -malla | -milla | |
ablative | -malta | -milta | |
allative | -malle | -mille | |
essive | -mana | -mina | |
translative | -maksi | -miksi | |
abessive | -matta | -mitta | |
instructive | — | -min | |
comitative | — | -mine |
Possessive forms of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
editGaro
editEtymology
editMight be somewhat related to Chinese 嗎 / 吗. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Suffix
edit-ma
- Final particle which turns the sentence into a polar question.
Hungarian
editEtymology
editCreated during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.. The neologists formed new words with it after artificially deducing it from words ending in -ma/-me. [1]
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-ma
Usage notes
edit- (noun-forming suffix) Variants:
- -ma is added to back-vowel words
- -me is added to front-vowel words
Declension
editInflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | -ma | -mák |
accusative | -mát | -mákat |
dative | -mának | -máknak |
instrumental | -mával | -mákkal |
causal-final | -máért | -mákért |
translative | -mává | -mákká |
terminative | -máig | -mákig |
essive-formal | -maként | -mákként |
essive-modal | -mául | -mákul |
inessive | -mában | -mákban |
superessive | -mán | -mákon |
adessive | -mánál | -máknál |
illative | -mába | -mákba |
sublative | -mára | -mákra |
allative | -mához | -mákhoz |
elative | -mából | -mákból |
delative | -máról | -mákról |
ablative | -mától | -máktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
-máé | -máké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
-máéi | -mákéi |
Possessive forms of -ma | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | -mám | -máim |
2nd person sing. | -mád | -máid |
3rd person sing. | -mája | -mái |
1st person plural | -mánk | -máink |
2nd person plural | -mátok | -máitok |
3rd person plural | -májuk | -máik |
Derived terms
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ -ma in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Ingrian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *-ma. Cognates include Finnish -ma and Estonian -m.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-ma (front vowel variant -mä)
- Used to form result nouns from verbs.
Declension
editDeclension of -ma (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | -ma | -mat |
genitive | -man | -mmiin |
partitive | -mmaa | -mmia |
illative | -mmaa | -mmii |
inessive | -mas | -mis |
elative | -mast | -mist |
allative | -malle | -mille |
adessive | -mal | -mil |
ablative | -malt | -milt |
translative | -maks | -miks |
essive | -manna, -mmaan | -minna, -mmiin |
exessive1) | -mant | -mint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Derived terms
editKambera
editPronoun
edit-ma
See also
editKari'na
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Cariban *-ma; cognate to Apalaí -ma, Trió -ma, Wayana -ma, Waiwai -ma, Akawaio -ma, Macushi -ma, Pemon -ma, Ye'kwana -ma. Likely also ultimately related to the postposition me (“functioning as”).
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-ma
- Forms transitive verbs from nouns and adverbs, with no single clear meaning common to these derivations, but often ‘to cause to become or gain the qualities of’.
- Forms transitive verbs from loanwords.
Derived terms
editReferences
editLaboya
editPronoun
edit-ma
See also
editLatvian
editAlternative forms
editSuffix
edit-ma
- Added to adjectives (sometimes to nouns) to form abstract nouns, especially those referring to the state or property that corresponds to the original adjective (like, e.g., Eng. -ity).
Derived terms
editMurui Huitoto
editEtymology
editCognates include Minica Huitoto -ma and Nüpode Huitoto -ma.
Pronunciation
editClassifier
edit-ma
- Classifier for masculine animate nouns.
Coordinate terms
editDerived terms
editRelated terms
editReferences
edit- Shirley Burtch (1983) Diccionario Huitoto Murui (Tomo I) (Linguistica Peruana No. 20)[3] (in Spanish), Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 170
- Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.[4], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 207
Pali
editAlternative forms
editSuffix
edit-ma
Turkish
editEtymology 1
editFrom Ottoman Turkish ـما (-ma).
Suffix
edit-ma
- Form of -me (negates verbs) after the vowels A / I / O / U.
- Artık senin için ağlamayacağım.
- I won't weep for you any more.
Etymology 2
editFrom Ottoman Turkish ـمه (-ma).
Suffix
edit-ma
- Form of -me (forms verbal nouns) after the vowels A / I / O / U.
- Unutulmayı hiç sevmem.
- I really don't like to be forgotten.
Warlpiri
editSuffix
edit-ma
Ye'kwana
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Cariban *-ma; cognate to Apalaí -ma, Kari'na -ma, Trió -ma, Wayana -ma, Waiwai -ma, Akawaio -ma, Macushi -ma, Pemon -ma.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-ma
- Forms transitive verbs from nouns and adverbs, with no single clear meaning common to these derivations.
Usage notes
editDerivations with this suffix are often not transparent, with various changes being found in the stem. Quite likely such derivations are old and this suffix has long since stopped being productive.
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “-ma”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[5], Lyon, page 148
- Azerbaijani non-lemma forms
- Azerbaijani suffix forms
- Bambara lemmas
- Bambara suffixes
- Choctaw lemmas
- Choctaw suffixes
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch suffixes
- Dutch noun-forming suffixes
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian suffixes
- Estonian verb-forming suffixes
- Estonian hüppama-type verbs
- Estonian inflectional suffixes
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish suffixes
- Finnish noun-forming suffixes
- Finnish koira-type nominals
- Finnish adjective-forming suffixes
- Garo lemmas
- Garo suffixes
- Hungarian words originating from the language reform
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian terms with rare senses
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian suffixes
- Kambera lemmas
- Kambera pronouns
- Kambera pronominal clitics
- Kari'na terms inherited from Proto-Cariban
- Kari'na terms derived from Proto-Cariban
- Kari'na terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kari'na lemmas
- Kari'na suffixes
- Laboya lemmas
- Laboya pronouns
- Laboya pronominal clitics
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian suffixes
- Murui Huitoto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Murui Huitoto lemmas
- Murui Huitoto classifiers
- Pali non-lemma forms
- Pali suffix forms
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish non-lemma forms
- Turkish suffix forms
- Turkish terms with usage examples
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish suffixes
- Warlpiri lemmas
- Warlpiri suffixes
- Ye'kwana terms inherited from Proto-Cariban
- Ye'kwana terms derived from Proto-Cariban
- Ye'kwana terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ye'kwana lemmas
- Ye'kwana suffixes