Wiktionary

-tar

See also: Appendix:Variations of "tar"

Albanian

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Similar usage to Latin -tor.

Suffix

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-tar m (indefinite plural -tarë, definite singular -tari, feminine equivalent -tare)

  1. forms agent nouns. -er
    Synonyms: -ës, -tor
    ‎ar (“gold”) + ‎-tar → ‎artar (“goldsmith”)
    ‎shkencë (“science”) + ‎-tar → ‎shkencëtar (“scientist”)
    ‎gjellë (“food”) + ‎-tar → ‎gjellëtar (“cook”)
    ‎shqip (“Albanian”, adjective) + ‎-tar → ‎shqiptar (“an Albanian”, noun)
  2. forms relational adjectives. -al
    Synonym: -ik
    ‎komb (“nation”) + ‎-tar → ‎kombëtar (“national”)
    ‎qeveri (“government”) + ‎-tar → ‎qeveritar (“governmental”)
    ‎shqip (“Albanian”, adjective) + ‎-tar → ‎shqiptar (“Albanian”, adjective)

Derived terms

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Albanian terms suffixed with -tar

Basque

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Alternative forms

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Suffix

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-tar

  1. Used to create adjectives and nouns that denote demonyms.

Derived terms

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Basque terms suffixed with -tar

Estonian

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Etymology

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Clipped from the ending of tütar. Cognate to Finnish -tar.

Suffix

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-tar (genitive -tari, partitive -tari)

  1. Forms feminine agent or occupational nouns
    kaunis "beautiful" → kaunitar "beautiful woman"
    laulja "singer" → lauljatar "female singer"

Declension

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Declension of -tar (ÕS type 19/seminar, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative -tar -tarid
accusative nom.
gen. -tari
genitive -taride
partitive -tari -tare
-tarisid
illative -tari
-tarisse 		-taridesse
-taresse
inessive -taris -tarides
-tares
elative -tarist -taridest
-tarest
allative -tarile -taridele
-tarele
adessive -taril -taridel
-tarel
ablative -tarilt -taridelt
-tarelt
translative -tariks -tarideks
-tareks
terminative -tarini -tarideni
essive -tarina -taridena
abessive -tarita -tarideta
comitative -tariga -taridega

Synonyms

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  • -nna (in some cases)

Derived terms

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Estonian terms suffixed with -tar

Finnish

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Etymology

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Clipped from tytär (“daughter”) and then adapted to vowel harmony.[1][2]

Suffix

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-tar (front vowel harmony variant -tär, linguistic notation -tAr)

  1. Forms the female counterpart of nouns indicating a person.
    ‎kuningas (“king”) + ‎-tar → ‎kuningatar (“queen”)
    ‎näyttelijä (“actor”) + ‎-tar → ‎näyttelijätär (“actress”)
    ‎Saksa (“Germany”) + ‎-tar → ‎saksatar (“a German female”)

Usage notes

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  • This is a nominal suffix, i.e. attached to nouns.
  • The suffix is appended to the weak stem.
  • With words ending in -lainen, -tar is appended to the stem not including -lainen.
  • Nowadays it's uncommon and old fashioned to use the female forms of professions.
  • Historically surnames ending in -nen had female forms, e.g. if a man had Leinonen as his surname, his wife would have been Leinotar instead.[2]

Declension

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Inflection of -tar (Kotus type 32*C/sisar, tt-t gradation)
nominative -tar -ttaret
genitive -ttaren -ttarien
-tarten
partitive -tarta -ttaria
illative -ttareen -ttariin
singular plural
nominative -tar -ttaret
accusative nom. -tar -ttaret
gen. -ttaren
genitive -ttaren -ttarien
-tarten
partitive -tarta -ttaria
inessive -ttaressa -ttarissa
elative -ttaresta -ttarista
illative -ttareen -ttariin
adessive -ttarella -ttarilla
ablative -ttarelta -ttarilta
allative -ttarelle -ttarille
essive -ttarena -ttarina
translative -ttareksi -ttariksi
abessive -ttaretta -ttaritta
instructive — -ttarin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of -tar (Kotus type 32*C/sisar, tt-t gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -ttareni -ttareni
accusative nom. -ttareni -ttareni
gen. -ttareni
genitive -ttareni -ttarieni
-tarteni
partitive -tartani -ttariani
inessive -ttaressani -ttarissani
elative -ttarestani -ttaristani
illative -ttareeni -ttariini
adessive -ttarellani -ttarillani
ablative -ttareltani -ttariltani
allative -ttarelleni -ttarilleni
essive -ttarenani -ttarinani
translative -ttarekseni -ttarikseni
abessive -ttarettani -ttarittani
instructive — —
comitative — -ttarineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -ttaresi -ttaresi
accusative nom. -ttaresi -ttaresi
gen. -ttaresi
genitive -ttaresi -ttariesi
-tartesi
partitive -tartasi -ttariasi
inessive -ttaressasi -ttarissasi
elative -ttarestasi -ttaristasi
illative -ttareesi -ttariisi
adessive -ttarellasi -ttarillasi
ablative -ttareltasi -ttariltasi
allative -ttarellesi -ttarillesi
essive -ttarenasi -ttarinasi
translative -ttareksesi -ttariksesi
abessive -ttarettasi -ttarittasi
instructive — —
comitative — -ttarinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -ttaremme -ttaremme
accusative nom. -ttaremme -ttaremme
gen. -ttaremme
genitive -ttaremme -ttariemme
-tartemme
partitive -tartamme -ttariamme
inessive -ttaressamme -ttarissamme
elative -ttarestamme -ttaristamme
illative -ttareemme -ttariimme
adessive -ttarellamme -ttarillamme
ablative -ttareltamme -ttariltamme
allative -ttarellemme -ttarillemme
essive -ttarenamme -ttarinamme
translative -ttareksemme -ttariksemme
abessive -ttarettamme -ttarittamme
instructive — —
comitative — -ttarinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -ttarenne -ttarenne
accusative nom. -ttarenne -ttarenne
gen. -ttarenne
genitive -ttarenne -ttarienne
-tartenne
partitive -tartanne -ttarianne
inessive -ttaressanne -ttarissanne
elative -ttarestanne -ttaristanne
illative -ttareenne -ttariinne
adessive -ttarellanne -ttarillanne
ablative -ttareltanne -ttariltanne
allative -ttarellenne -ttarillenne
essive -ttarenanne -ttarinanne
translative -ttareksenne -ttariksenne
abessive -ttarettanne -ttarittanne
instructive — —
comitative — -ttarinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative -ttarensa -ttarensa
accusative nom. -ttarensa -ttarensa
gen. -ttarensa
genitive -ttarensa -ttariensa
-tartensa
partitive -tartaan
-tartansa 		-ttariaan
-ttariansa
inessive -ttaressaan
-ttaressansa 		-ttarissaan
-ttarissansa
elative -ttarestaan
-ttarestansa 		-ttaristaan
-ttaristansa
illative -ttareensa -ttariinsa
adessive -ttarellaan
-ttarellansa 		-ttarillaan
-ttarillansa
ablative -ttareltaan
-ttareltansa 		-ttariltaan
-ttariltansa
allative -ttarelleen
-ttarellensa 		-ttarilleen
-ttarillensa
essive -ttarenaan
-ttarenansa 		-ttarinaan
-ttarinansa
translative -ttarekseen
-ttareksensa 		-ttarikseen
-ttariksensa
abessive -ttarettaan
-ttarettansa 		-ttarittaan
-ttarittansa
instructive — —
comitative — -ttarineen
-ttarinensa

Derived terms

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Finnish terms suffixed with -tar
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  • -tär (front vowel variant)

References

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  1. ^ Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Auli Hakulinen with Maria Vilkuna, Riitta Korhonen, Vesa Koivisto, Tarja Riitta Heinonen, and Irja Alho (2004) “§ 192 tAr-sanojen muoto ja merkitys”, in Iso suomen kielioppi‎[1], Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, →ISBN

Greenlandic

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-tar (v-v?, additive?, VTV → VsV?)

  1. Signifies habitual behaviour.
    atuarpoq (“attends school (once)”) -> atuartarpoq (“attends school (is a student)”)

Usage notes

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Was formerly sometimes truncative.

Derived terms

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Greenlandic terms suffixed with -tar

References

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Irish

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-tar

  1. Autonomous ending of first conjugation verbs in the present tense, present subjunctive mood, and conditional mood
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