-tta

See also: -ttä and tta

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-tːɑ/, [-t̪ːɑ̝]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-tta, from Proto-Uralic *-pta.

Suffix

-tta (front vowel harmony variant -ttä, linguistic notation -ttA)

1. Suffix for the abessive case: without

Usage notes

• Suffixed to the genitive stem in the singular, to the same stem as the inessive in the plural.
• Not very commonly used outside of set phrases, especially the singular forms. The only abessive forms still in general use are abessive forms of the third infinitive.
• See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the abessive case is used.

Synonyms

• (without): ilman (+ partitive, preposition), vailla (+ partitive, preposition)

Derived terms

• -ti (has developed into the general abessive case suffix in most Nyland and South Tavastian dialects)

Etymology 2

Derived from the assimilated final consonant of the stem, *k or *h, plus the partitive suffix -ta.

Suffix

-tta (front vowel harmony variant -ttä, linguistic notation -ttA)

1. A suffix for the partitive singular.

Usage notes

• Used predominantly for words whose nominative singular ends in -e and which lengthen that final -e in other singular cases, as well as for ordinal numerals starting from kolmas. Traditionally also for ori.
• See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the partitive case is used.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Finnic *-tta, from Proto-Finno-Permic *-kta.

Suffix

-tta (front vowel harmony variant -ttä, linguistic notation -ttA)

1. Forms certain adverbs, typically of manner.

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -tta (adverbial)

• -ti

Etymology 4

Possibly from Proto-Finnic *-tta, if *aitta contains this suffix; otherwise there are no corresponding forms even in the other Finnic languages. Alternatively, examples of this suffix may instead originally represent contractions from aitta, like most of -tto words as well, except for literary coinages.

Suffix

-tta (front vowel harmony variant -ttä, linguistic notation -ttA) (rare)

1. Forms some nouns, generally for places.

Usage notes

Suffixed to the weak stem and appears to cause the final -a- to change to -e- in the same way as -mpi, -ella, -ntaa, -eta do. This may, however, be a gap in data, as karjetta and ometta may both be formed analogously to navetta, and the suffix -tto (which is derived from -tta) does not appear to exhibit this behavior.

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -tta (nominal)

• -tto

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tːɒ]

Suffix

-tta

1. (past-tense suffix) Forms the third-person singular past tense of verbs (definite conjugation).

   ‎ró (“to carve”) + ‎-tta → ‎rótta (“he/she (has/had) carved”)

3. (verbal-participle suffix) Forms the verbal participle of certain verbs, always following the agent noun.

   ‎szí (“to suck”) + ‎-tta → ‎[nap]szítta [haj] (“[hair] bleached by [the sun]”, literally “sun-sucked hair”)

Usage notes

• (past-tense and verbal-participle suffix) Variants:

  -ta is added to most back-vowel verbs

  -te is added to most front-vowel verbs

  -tta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (hí, rí, szí; ó, ró; fú)

  -tte is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (lő, nő, sző; nyű)

  -otta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (fut, nyit, except lát)

  -ette is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (vet)

  -ötte is added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (köt, süt, üt)

• (noun-forming suffix) Variants:

  -ta is added to most back-vowel verbs

  -te is added to most front-vowel verbs

  -tte is added to front-vowel verbs that originally ended in a vowel (like jön, originally jő)

  -ata is added to back-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like hall)

  -ete is added to front-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like kell)

See also

• Category:Hungarian verb forms
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Further reading

• Károly, Sándor. Az istenadta-féle szerkezetek személyragos tagjának szófaji jellegéről (“On the part of speech of the personal-suffixed elements of istenadta [‘God-given’]-like structures”). In: Nyelvtudományi Közlemények (“Linguistic Publications”), vol. 59 (1957), pp. 130–150.
• Simonyi, Zsigmond. Isten-adta (“God-given”). In: Magyar Nyelvőr (“Hungarian Language Guardian”), vol. XXXVI (1907), pp. 16–35 in the offprint (issue 5, May 15 in the original, pp. 193–205, 264–271).

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• -tta (Latin script)
• & (Brahmi script)
• & (Devanagari script)
• & (Bengali script)
• -ත‍්ත (Sinhalese script)
• & or & (Burmese script)
• & or & (Thai script)
• & (Tai Tham script)
• & or & (Lao script)
• & (Khmer script)
• & (Chakma script)

Suffix

-tta

1. This suffix forms a class of neuter abstract nouns from adjectives and nouns, and express the state, nature or quality of being that which is denoted by the adjective or noun.

   Synonym: -tā

Declension

Declension table of "-tta" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	-ttaṃ	-ttāni
Accusative (second)	-ttaṃ	-ttāni
Instrumental (third)	-ttena	-ttehi or -ttebhi
Dative (fourth)	-ttassa or -ttāya or -ttatthaṃ	-ttānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	-ttasmā or -ttamhā or -ttā	-ttehi or -ttebhi
Genitive (sixth)	-ttassa	-ttānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	-ttasmiṃ or -ttamhi or -tte	-ttesu
Vocative (calling)	-tta	-ttāni