-ut
Catalan
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editSuffix
edit-ut (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -uta, masculine plural -uts, feminine plural -utes)
- forms the past participle of most second-conjugation verbs
- forms adjectives from nouns that indicate an abundance
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “-ut”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “-ut” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
Finnish
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Finnic *-ut.[1]
Suffix
edit-ut (front vowel harmony variant -yt, linguistic notation -Ut)
Usage notes
editNo longer productive. May include a preceding -h- when inserted after a vowel, which could be by analogy with the weak stem of -as.
Declension
editInflection of -ut (Kotus type 43/ohut, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | -ut | -uet | |
genitive | -uen | -uiden -uitten | |
partitive | -utta | -uita | |
illative | -ueen | -uisiin -uihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -ut | -uet | |
accusative | nom. | -ut | -uet |
gen. | -uen | ||
genitive | -uen | -uiden -uitten | |
partitive | -utta | -uita | |
inessive | -uessa | -uissa | |
elative | -uesta | -uista | |
illative | -ueen | -uisiin -uihin | |
adessive | -uella | -uilla | |
ablative | -uelta | -uilta | |
allative | -uelle | -uille | |
essive | -uena | -uina | |
translative | -ueksi | -uiksi | |
abessive | -uetta | -uitta | |
instructive | — | -uin | |
comitative | — | -uine |
Possessive forms of -ut (Kotus type 43/ohut, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
editEtymology 2
edit
Suffix
edit-ut (front vowel harmony variant -yt, linguistic notation -Ut)
- Alternative form of -nut
Usage notes
edit- Used for the following conjugation classes:
Declension
editInflection of -ut (Kotus type 47/kuollut, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | -ut | -eet | |
genitive | -een | -eiden -eitten | |
partitive | -utta | -eita | |
illative | -eeseen | -eisiin -eihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -ut | -eet | |
accusative | nom. | -ut | -eet |
gen. | -een | ||
genitive | -een | -eiden -eitten | |
partitive | -utta | -eita | |
inessive | -eessa | -eissa | |
elative | -eesta | -eista | |
illative | -eeseen | -eisiin -eihin | |
adessive | -eella | -eilla | |
ablative | -eelta | -eilta | |
allative | -eelle | -eille | |
essive | -eena | -eina | |
translative | -eeksi | -eiksi | |
abessive | -eetta | -eitta | |
instructive | — | -ein | |
comitative | — | -eine |
Possessive forms of -ut (Kotus type 47/kuollut, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References
edit- ^ Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.
Anagrams
editIngrian
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Finnic *-ut. Cognates include Finnish -ut and Karelian -ut.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-ut (front vowel variant -yt)
- Used to form diminutive nouns.
Declension
editDeclension of -ut (type 7/kevät, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | -ut | -uet |
genitive | -uen | -uein |
partitive | -utta | -ueita |
illative | -uesse | -ueisse |
inessive | -uees | -ueis |
elative | -uest | -ueist |
allative | -uelle | -ueille |
adessive | -ueel | -ueil |
ablative | -uelt | -ueilt |
translative | -ueks | -ueiks |
essive | -uenna, -ueen | -ueinna, -uein |
exessive1) | -uent | -ueint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-ut
Etymology 3
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-ut
- nominative plural of -u
Northern Sami
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-ut
- Forms verbs from adjectives, meaning "to become, to become more".
- Forms verbs from adjectives, meaning "to act -ish, -ly", or from nouns, meaning "to act with, to act like".
Usage notes
edit- This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Inflection
editEven u-stem, no gradation | |||
---|---|---|---|
infinitive | -ut | ||
1st sing. present | -un | ||
1st sing. past | -on | ||
infinitive | -ut | action noun | -un |
present participle | -u | action inessive | -umin -ume |
past participle | -on | action elative | -umis |
agent participle | — | action comitative | -umiin |
abessive | -ọkeahttá | ||
present indicative | past indicative | imperative | |
1st singular | -un | -on | -on |
2nd singular | -ut | -ot | -ọ |
3rd singular | -u | -ūi | -os |
1st dual | -o | -ūime | -u |
2nd dual | -ubeahtti | -ūide | -u |
3rd dual | -uba | -ūiga | -oska |
1st plural | -ut | -ūimet | -ot -ut |
2nd plural | -ubēhtet | -ūidet | -ot -ut |
3rd plural | -ot | -o | -oset |
connegative | -ọ | -on | -ọ |
conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | |
1st singular | -ošin -ošedjen |
-olin -oledjen |
-ožan |
2nd singular | -ošit -ošedjet |
-olit -oledjet |
-ožat |
3rd singular | -ošii | -olii | -oža -oš |
1st dual | -ošeimme | -oleimme | -ožetne |
2nd dual | -ošeidde | -oleidde | -ožeahppi |
3rd dual | -ošeigga | -oleigga | -ožeaba |
1st plural | -ošeimmet | -oleimmet | -ožit -ožat |
2nd plural | -ošeiddet | -oleiddet | -ožēhpet |
3rd plural | -oše -ošedje |
-ole -oledje |
-ožit |
connegative | -oše | -ole | -oš |
Derived terms
editNorwegian Nynorsk
editAlternative forms
edit- -et (introduced as bracket form in the 1938 spelling reform, given equal status in 1959, and made non-standard in 2012)
- -ete (introduced with the 1959 spelling reform, became sole standard form in 2012)
Etymology
editFrom Old Norse -óttr. This was the form used by Aasen.
Suffix
edit-ut
- forms adjectives from nouns ((pre-2012) alternative form of -ete)
- 1863, Ivar Aasen, Nordmannen (3rd verse)
- Han saag ut paa det baarutte Havet; der var ruskutt aa leggja ut paa.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1863, Ivar Aasen, Nordmannen (3rd verse)
Derived terms
editOld Irish
editPronunciation
editSuffix
edit-ut (suffixed pronoun)
Derived terms
editSee also
editSee Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used.
Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex.
Person | Infixed | Suffixed | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||
1 sing. | m-L | dom-L, dam-L | -um | |
2 sing. | t-L | dot-L, dat-L, dut-L, dit-L | -ut | |
3 sing. m. | a-N, e-N | d-N | id-N, did-N, d-N | -i, -it |
3 sing. f. | s-(N) | da- | -us | |
3 sing. n. | a-L, e-L | d-L | id-L, did-L, d-L | -i, -it |
1 pl. | n- | don-, dun-, dan- | -unn | |
2 pl. | b- | dob-, dub-, dab- | -uib | |
3 pl. | s-(N) | da- | -us | |
L means this form triggers lenition. N means this form triggers nasalization (eclipsis) (N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others. |
Romanian
editEtymology
editSuffix
edit-ut
- Used with a stem to mark the past participle of second-conjugation verbs and regular third-conjugation verbs.
Further reading
edit- Appendix:Romanian verb conjugation#Conjugation types: "some type 3 verbs have past participles ending in -ut"
- Carmen Dobrovie-Sorin, Ion Giurgea (eds.), A Reference Grammar of Romanian. Volume 1: The noun phrase, [Linguistik Aktuell / Linguistics Today 207], 2013, p. 665:
- "The supine suffix is identical to the suffix of the (passive) participle. [...] -ut (ține/ținut 'keep/keeping') [...]"
- Ramona Gönczöl, Romanian: An Essential Grammar, 2nd edition 2021 (1st ed. 2007), p. 105:
- "Conjugation 9 [...] Verbs in this conjugation have past participles that end in -ut [...]"
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan suffixes
- Catalan adjective-forming suffixes
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish suffixes
- Finnish poetic terms
- Finnish literary terms
- Finnish ohut-type nominals
- Finnish inflectional suffixes
- Finnish adjective-forming suffixes
- Finnish kuollut-type nominals
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian suffixes
- Ingrian non-lemma forms
- Ingrian suffix forms
- Northern Sami lemmas
- Northern Sami suffixes
- Northern Sami verb-forming suffixes
- Northern Sami even verbs
- Northern Sami even u-stem verbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk suffixes
- Norwegian Nynorsk pre-2012 forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with quotations
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish suffixes
- Old Irish personal pronouns
- Romanian terms inherited from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian suffixes
- Romanian inflectional suffixes