Wiktionary

Israel

See also: israel, Ísrael, Israèl, İsrael, and Israël
Languages (22)
English
Afrikaans • Asturian • Catalan • Central Huasteca Nahuatl • Central Nahuatl • Danish • Finnish • German • Iban • Indonesian • Interlingua • Latin • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Plautdietsch • Portuguese • Romanian • Spanish • Swedish • Tagalog • Welsh
Page categories

English

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The flag of the State of Israel
 
A location map of the State of Israel, with disputed territories shown in light green

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle English Israel, from Old English, borrowed from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”).[1][2] In the Bible, it is said to be from the name יִשְׂרֶה אֵל (yisré 'él) given to Jacob in Genesis 32:29, after which his descendants came to be known as Israelites and their land as the "kingdom/land of Israel". The personal name, already attested in Eblaite 𒅖𒊏𒅋 (iš-ra-il) and Ugaritic 𐎊𐎌𐎗𐎛𐎍 (yšrỉl),[3] has been variously translated as "he wrestles with God", "he prevails with God",[4] or "God rules" (possibly from the same root ש־ר־ה/ש־ר־ר as שָׂרָה (“Sarah”)).[5]

Line 27 of the Merneptah Stele (from about 1200 B.C.E.) is thought to contain the earliest attestation of the name Israel in any language, Egyptian ysrjꜣr.

iiz
Z1s Z1s
r		 iAr
Z1 T14		 A1 B1
Z2

Doublet of Yisroel.

Pronunciation

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  • enPR: ĭzʹrā-əl, ĭzʹrē-əl; IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.əl/, /ˈɪz.ɹi.əl/
    (US) enPR: ĭzʹrāl; IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹeɪl/
    (formal and posh RP) enPR: ĭzʹrā-ĕl; IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.ɛl/
    (in singing also) enPR: ĭzʹrī-ĕl; IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹaɪ.ɛl/
    (certain Carolina accents) IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹɛəl/
  • Audio (US):(file)

Proper noun

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Israel (countable and uncountable, plural Israels)

  2. A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean. Official name: State of Israel.
    • 2023 October 18, “We’re anti-Zionist Jews and we see genocide unfolding in Gaza”, in The Guardian‎[2], →ISSN:
      Representative Nancy Pelosi, our California congresswoman, has affirmed that the United States stands “unwaveringly” by Israel as it conducts its defense […]
  4. (biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people.
  6. (historical) An ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel.
  8. (historical) An ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah.
  9. (historical, Judaism, liturgical, otherwise now proscribed or offensive) The Jews as a people, taken collectively.
    • 2024 August 24 (last accessed), My Jewish learning, The Shema‎[3]:
      Hear O’ Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is One
    • 2024 August 24 (last accessed), My Jewish learning, The Shema‎[4]:
      For our ancestors, for us, for our children, for every generation of the people Israel, for all ages from the first to the last, His teachings are true, everlasting.
  10. A male given name from Hebrew,
    1. Another name for Jacob, notably after Genesis 32:28 and in later references.
  11. A surname.

Usage notes

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  • (region): The use of Israel to refer to the region between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea has been, since the latter half of the 20th century, sometimes seen as politically or emotionally charged; indeed, this is true of all terms for this region.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • → Japanese: イスラエル (Isuraeru)

Translations

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ “Israel”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
  2. ^ “Israel”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
  3. ^ Michael G. Hasel, Domination and Resistance: Egyptian Military Activity in the Southern Levant (Brill, 1998)
  4. ^ James P. Boyd, Bible dictionary (Ottenheimer Publishers, 1958)
  5. ^ Victor P. Hamilton, The Book of Genesis: Chapters 18–50 (NICOT, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995)

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Afrikaans Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia af

Etymology

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Inherited from Dutch Israël, from Middle Dutch israel, from Old Dutch israel, from Latin Isrāēl, from Ancient Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל.

Proper noun

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Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
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Asturian

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Asturian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ast

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /israˈel/, [iz.raˈel]

Proper noun

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Israel m

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
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Catalan

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Catalan Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ca

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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Israel m

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
  2. a male given name, equivalent to English Israel
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Central Huasteca Nahuatl

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Proper noun

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Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Central Nahuatl

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Proper noun

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Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Danish

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Danish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia da

Proper noun

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Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Derived terms

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Finnish

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Finnish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fi

Etymology

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From Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈisrɑel/, [ˈis̠rɑ̝e̞l]
  • Rhymes: -isrɑel
  • Hyphenation(key): Is‧ra‧el

Proper noun

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Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Declension

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Inflection of Israel (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative Israel —
genitive Israelin —
partitive Israelia —
illative Israeliin —
singular plural
nominative Israel —
accusative nom. Israel —
gen. Israelin
genitive Israelin —
partitive Israelia —
inessive Israelissa —
elative Israelista —
illative Israeliin —
adessive Israelilla —
ablative Israelilta —
allative Israelille —
essive Israelina —
translative Israeliksi —
abessive Israelitta —
instructive — —
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of Israel (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative Israelini —
accusative nom. Israelini —
gen. Israelini
genitive Israelini —
partitive Israeliani —
inessive Israelissani —
elative Israelistani —
illative Israeliini —
adessive Israelillani —
ablative Israeliltani —
allative Israelilleni —
essive Israelinani —
translative Israelikseni —
abessive Israelittani —
instructive — —
comitative — —
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative Israelisi —
accusative nom. Israelisi —
gen. Israelisi
genitive Israelisi —
partitive Israeliasi —
inessive Israelissasi —
elative Israelistasi —
illative Israeliisi —
adessive Israelillasi —
ablative Israeliltasi —
allative Israelillesi —
essive Israelinasi —
translative Israeliksesi —
abessive Israelittasi —
instructive — —
comitative — —
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative Israelimme —
accusative nom. Israelimme —
gen. Israelimme
genitive Israelimme —
partitive Israeliamme —
inessive Israelissamme —
elative Israelistamme —
illative Israeliimme —
adessive Israelillamme —
ablative Israeliltamme —
allative Israelillemme —
essive Israelinamme —
translative Israeliksemme —
abessive Israelittamme —
instructive — —
comitative — —
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative Israelinne —
accusative nom. Israelinne —
gen. Israelinne
genitive Israelinne —
partitive Israelianne —
inessive Israelissanne —
elative Israelistanne —
illative Israeliinne —
adessive Israelillanne —
ablative Israeliltanne —
allative Israelillenne —
essive Israelinanne —
translative Israeliksenne —
abessive Israelittanne —
instructive — —
comitative — —
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative Israelinsa —
accusative nom. Israelinsa —
gen. Israelinsa
genitive Israelinsa —
partitive Israeliaan
Israeliansa 		—
inessive Israelissaan
Israelissansa 		—
elative Israelistaan
Israelistansa 		—
illative Israeliinsa —
adessive Israelillaan
Israelillansa 		—
ablative Israeliltaan
Israeliltansa 		—
allative Israelilleen
Israelillensa 		—
essive Israelinaan
Israelinansa 		—
translative Israelikseen
Israeliksensa 		—
abessive Israelittaan
Israelittansa 		—
instructive — —
comitative — —

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Latin Israel, Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl)

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈiːsʁaeːl]
  • IPA(key): [ˈɪsʁaeːl] (less common)
  • Audio:(file)
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: Is‧ra‧el

Proper noun

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Israel

  1. (biblical) Israel, another name of the patriarch Jacob
    • 1912, Lutherbibel 1912, 1.Mose 32, 29 (Luther Bible 1912, Genesis 32:29):
      Er sprach: Du sollst nicht mehr Jakob heißen, sondern Israel; denn du hast mit Gott und mit Menschen gekämpft und bist obgelegen.
      And he said: Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel; for thou hast power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.

Proper noun

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Israel n (proper noun, genitive Israels or (optionally with an article) Israel)

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean; official name: Staat Israel)

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “Israel” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • “Israel” in Duden online

Iban

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English Israel.

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Adjective

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Israel

  1. Israeli

Indonesian

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Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia id

Etymology

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From Dutch Israël, from Middle Dutch israel, from Old Dutch israel, from Latin Isrāēl, from Ancient Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל. Doublet of Israil.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ɪsˈrael]
  • Hyphenation: Is‧ra‧él

Proper noun

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Israel

  1. Israel:
    1. A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean
    2. (biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people
    3. (historical) An ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel
    4. (historical) An ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah
    5. The Jews, taken collectively.
      Synonym: Yahudi

Further reading

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Interlingua

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Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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Israel

  1. (all senses) Israel

Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yiśrāʾēl). The spelling Istrāhēl, from Ἰστρᾱήλ (Istrāḗl), was predominant until the dissemination of Jerome’s Vulgate (5th century CE), which popularized Isrāhēl. The h was gradually lost thereafter.[1]

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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Isrāēl m sg (variously declined, genitive Isrāēl or Isrāēlis); indeclinable, third declension

  1. (Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin) Israel, another name of the patriarch Jacob
    • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.32.28:
      At ille: Nequaquam, inquit, Iacob appellabitur nomen tuum, sed Israhel: quoniam si contra Deum fortis fuisti quanto magis contra homines praevalebis.
  2. (New Latin) Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Declension

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Indeclinable noun or third-declension noun, singular only.

singular
nominative Isrāēl
genitive Isrāēl
Isrāēlis
dative Isrāēl
Isrāēlī
accusative Isrāēl
Isrāēlem
ablative Isrāēl
Isrāēle
vocative Isrāēl

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Descendants

References

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  1. ^ Souter, Alexander (1949) “Istrahēl”, in A Glossary of Later Latin to 600 A.D.‎[1], 1st edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, published 1957, page 222

Norwegian Bokmål

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Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Proper noun

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Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Derived terms

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn

Proper noun

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Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Derived terms

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Plautdietsch

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Noun

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Israel n

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Portuguese

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”). Displaced Old Galician-Portuguese Irrael.

Pronunciation

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  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /iʒ.ʁɐˈɛl/ [iʒ.ʁɐˈɛɫ]
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /iʒ.ʁɐˈɛ.li/

  • Hyphenation: Is‧ra‧el

Proper noun

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Israel m (plural Israéis)

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
  2. (biblical) Israel (A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)
  3. a male given name, equivalent to English Israel

Usage notes

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Israel is never indicated by an article; see usage notes for Portugal.

Derived terms

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Romanian

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Romanian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ro

Etymology

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Borrowed from Hebrew ישראל.

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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Israel n

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Declension

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singular only indefinite definite
nominative-accusative Israel Israelul
genitive-dative Israel Israelului
vocative Israelule

Spanish

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Spanish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia es

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /israˈel/ [iz.raˈel]
  • Audio (Spain):(file)
  • Rhymes: -el
  • Syllabification: Is‧ra‧el

Proper noun

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Israel m

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
  2. Jacob
    • 1602, Casiodoro de Reina, La Santa Biblia, rev., Genesis 32:28
      Y él dijo: No se dirá más tu nombre Jacob, sino Israel: porque has peleado con Dios y con los hombres, y has vencido.
      And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.
      (KJV)
  3. a male given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English Israel

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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Swedish

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Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /²iːsˌrɛːl/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: Is‧rael

Proper noun

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Israel n (genitive Israels)

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
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References

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Tagalog

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Spanish Israel (“Israel”), from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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Israél (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜇᜁᜎ᜔)

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
  2. (biblical) (biblical) Israel (A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)
  3. a male given name, equivalent to English Israel
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Further reading

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  • “Israel”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Welsh

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Welsh Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cy

Etymology

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Latin Israel, from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yiśrāʾēl).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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Israel f

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Coordinate terms

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Derived terms

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Mutation

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Mutated forms of Israel
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
Israel unchanged unchanged Hisrael

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Israel&oldid=83049246"
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