Lucifer

See also: lucifer, Lúcifer, and lucífer

English

G.H. Frezza, Lucifer, 1704

Etymology

From Middle English Lucifer, from Latin Lūcifer (from lūx (“light”) +‎ ferō (“bear, carry”)). Attested in Old English as Lūċifer. Replaced native calque lēohtberend (“lightbearer”) also from the same Latin source. Application of the name to Satan results from what is probably a misinterpretation of Isaiah 14:12 (whence also the corresponding sense of morning star).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈluːsɪfə/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈluːsɪˌfər/, [ˈɫʉu̯ːsɪˌfɝ]
• Hyphenation: Lu‧ci‧fer

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uːsɪfə(ɹ)

Proper noun

Lucifer

1. (literary) The planet Venus as the daystar (or morning star).

   Synonym: Phosphorus

   Antonyms: Vesper, Hesperus

2. (biblical) The King of Babylon who was compared to the planet Venus in first the Wycliffe version then the King James Version of Isaiah 14:12; it is unclear whether this verse refers to a specific king or to a representation of the entire line of kings of Babylon.
3. Satan, the Devil.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:Satan

Derived terms

• Lucifer hummingbird
• Luciferian
• Luciferic
• Luciferist
• Lucifer sheartail
• proud as Lucifer

 

Translations

figure mentioned in Isaiah 14:12

• Albanian: Lucifer m (indefinite), Luciferi m (definite)
• Arabic: شَيْخ النَّار m (šayḵ an-nār)
• Armenian: Լուսաբեր (Lusaber), Լուցիֆեր (Lucʻifer)
• Belarusian: Люцыфе́р m (Ljucyfjér), Люцы́пар m (Ljucýpar)
• Bulgarian: Лу́цифер m (Lúcifer)
• Catalan: Llucifer m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 路西法 (lou⁶ sai¹ faat³)

  Mandarin: 路西法 (zh) (Lùxīfǎ)

• Czech: Lucifer (cs) m
• Danish: Lucifer c
• Dutch: Lucifer (nl) m
• Estonian: Lucifer (et)
• Finnish: Kointähti
• French: Lucifer (fr) m
• Georgian: ლუციფერი (luciperi)
• German: Luzifer (de) m
• Gothic: 𐌰𐌿𐌶𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌻 m (auzandil)
• Greek: Εωσφόρος (el) (Eosfóros)

  Ancient: Ἑωσφόρος m (Heōsphóros)

• Hebrew: הֵילֵל בֶּן שַׁחַר (he) (helél ben shaḥár)
• Hindi: लूसिफ़र m (lūsifar)
• Icelandic: Lúsífer m
• Italian: Lucifero m
• Japanese: ルシファー (ja) (Rushifā)
• Korean: 루시퍼 (Rusipeo)
• Latvian: Lucifers m
• Lithuanian: Liuciferis m
• Macedonian: Луцифер m (Lucifer)
• Marathi: लुसिफर m (lusiphar)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: Lucifer m

• Old English: lēohtberend m
• Persian: لوسیفر (lusifar)
• Polish: Lucyfer (pl) m
• Portuguese: Lúcifer (pt) m
• Romanian: Lucifer m
• Russian: Люцифе́р (ru) m (Ljucifér)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: Лу̀цифер m

  Roman: Lùcifer (sh) m

• Slovak: Lucifer m
• Slovene: Lucifer (sl) m
• Spanish: Lucifer
• Swedish: Lucifer c
• Tagalog: Lusiper
• Thai: ลูซิเฟอร์
• Turkish: Lüsifır
• Ukrainian: Люцифе́р (uk) m (Ljucyfér)
• Urdu: لوسیفر m (lūsifar)

Venus, the morning star

• Armenian: Լուսաբեր (Lusaber), Լուսաստղ (Lusastġ), Արուսյակ (hy) (Arusyak), Վեներա (hy) (Venera)
• Belarusian: дзянні́ца f (dzjanníca), зарані́ца f (zaraníca)
• Bulgarian: Вене́ра f (Venéra), зорни́ца f (zorníca)
• Czech: jitřenka (cs) f
• Finnish: kointähti (fi), aamutähti (fi)
• German: Luzifer (de) m
• Gothic: 𐌰𐌿𐌶𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌻 m (auzandil)
• Greek: Αφροδίτη (el) f (Afrodíti)

  Ancient: Ἀφροδίτη f (Aphrodítē), Ἑωσφόρος m (Heōsphóros)

• Hebrew: הֵילֵל (hēlēl)
• Old English: ēarendel m
• Romanian: luceafăr (ro) m, luceafăr de dimineața m
• Russian: денни́ца (ru) f (denníca)
• Spanish: lucero (es) m, lucífero (es) m
• Ukrainian: денни́ця f (dennýcja), зірни́ця f (zirnýcja)

Venus — see Venus

morning star — see morning star

Further reading

• Lucifer on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• ferulic

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlut͡sɪfɛr]

Proper noun

Lucifer m anim

1. Lucifer (supreme evil spirit)

   Synonyms: Satan, Belzebub

Declension

Declension of Lucifer (sg-only hard masculine animate)

	singular
nominative	Lucifer
genitive	Lucifera
dative	Luciferovi, Luciferu
accusative	Lucifera
vocative	Lucifere
locative	Luciferovi, Luciferu
instrumental	Luciferem

Further reading

• “Lucifer”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “Lucifer”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “Lucifer”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch Lucifer, from Latin Lūcifer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈly.siˌfɛr/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: Lu‧ci‧fer

Proper noun

Lucifer m

1. Lucifer (mythological fallen angel)

See also

• lucifer

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin Lūcifer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ly.si.fɛʁ/

Proper noun

Lucifer m

1. Lucifer

Latin

Alternative forms

• lūcifer (letter case)

Etymology

From lūx +‎ -fer, calque of Ancient Greek Φωσφόρος (Phōsphóros).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈluː.ki.fer/, [ˈɫ̪uːkɪfɛr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈlu.t͡ʃi.fer/, [ˈluːt͡ʃifer]

Proper noun

Lūcifer m sg (genitive Lūciferī); second declension

1. (astronomy) morning star, daystar, planet Venus
2. (biblical) Lucifer
3. (Greek mythology) Lucifer, the fabled son of Aurora and Cephalus, and father of Ceyx
4. (poetic) day

Declension

Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -er), singular only.

	singular
nominative	Lūcifer
genitive	Lūciferī
dative	Lūciferō
accusative	Lūciferum
ablative	Lūciferō
vocative	Lūcifer

Descendants

• Aromanian: lutseafir
• Romanian: Luceafăr
• → Catalan: Llucifer, lucífer
• → French: Lucifer
• → English: luciferous, Lucifer
• → Italian: lucifero, Lucifero
• → Polish: lucyfer, Lucyfer, lucyper, Lucyper
• → Portuguese: lucífero, Lúcifer
• → Romanian: Lucifer
• → Spanish: lucífero, Lucifer, Luzbel
• → German: Luzifer

Further reading

• “Lucifer”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “Lucifer”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Lucifer in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “Lucifer”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎^[1]
• “Lucifer”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “Lucifer”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray

Middle English

Alternative forms

• Lucyfer, Lucyfere

Etymology

From Latin Lūcifer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈliu̯sifər/
• Hyphenation: Lu‧ci‧fer

Proper noun

Lucifer

1. Satan; the Devil; the supreme Christian figure of evil.
2. The planet Venus as the daystar.

Descendants

• English: Lucifer
• Scots: Lucifer

References

• “Lūcifer, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-27.

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin Lūcifer. See also the inherited doublet from the same source, luceafăr.

Proper noun

Lucifer m (genitive and dative lui Lucifer)

1. Lucifer

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin Lūcifer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lǔt͡sifer/
• Hyphenation: Lu‧ci‧fer

Proper noun

Lùcifer m (Cyrillic spelling Лу̀цифер)

1. Lucifer

Declension

Declension of Lucifer

	singular
nominative	Lucifer
genitive	Lucifera
dative	Luciferu
accusative	Lucifera
vocative	Lucifere
locative	Luciferu
instrumental	Luciferom

References

• “Lucifer”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin Lūcifer. See also the doublet lucífero and Luzbel.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /luθiˈfeɾ/ [lu.θiˈfeɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /lusiˈfeɾ/ [lu.siˈfeɾ]
• Rhymes: -eɾ
• Syllabification: Lu‧ci‧fer

Proper noun

Lucifer

1. Lucifer