Reconstruction:Proto-Cariban/tuna

This Proto-Cariban entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Cariban

Noun

*tuna

1. water

   Synonym: *paru

2. river, watercourse
3. rain

   Synonym: *konopo

Descendants

• Guianan:
  • Apalaí: tuna
  • Kari'na: tuna
  • Proto-Taranoan: *tuna
    • Akurio: tuna
    • Carijona: tuna
    • Trió: tuna
  • Wayana: tuna
• Kuikuroan:
  • Kuikúro: tunga, tuã
• Opón: tuna
• Parukotoan:
  • Hixkaryana: tuna
  • Kaxuyana: tuna
  • Waiwai: tuuna, tuna
• Pekodian:
  • >? Ikpeng: ga
• Sapará: tu꞉ná
• Venezuelan Cariban:
  • Chaima: tuna
  • Mapoyan:
    • Mapoyo: tuna
    • Yabarana: tuna:, tuna
  • Panare: tïna, tuna
  • Pemongan:
    • Akawaio: tuna
    • Macushi: tuna
    • Pemon: tuna
    • Purukotó: tuná
  • Tamanaku: tuna
• Waimiri-Atroari: syna
• Wayumara: tuná
• Ye'kwana: tuna
• Yukpan:
  • Yukpa: kuna
• →? Patagón: tuná
• →? Rabona: tuná

References

• Gildea, Spike, Doris Payne (2007) “Is Greenberg’s ‘Macro-Carib’ viable?”, in Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi: Ciências Humanas, volume 2, number 2, Belém, pages 19–72
• Meira, Sérgio, Bruna Franchetto (2005) “The southern Cariban languages and the Cariban family”, in International Journal of American Linguistics, volume 71, pages 127–192
• Florian Matter, editor (2021), “*tuna”, in Comparative Cariban Database‎^[1], Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, retrieved 2022-04-12
• Florian Matter, editor (2021), “*tuna”, in Comparative Cariban Database‎^[2], Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, retrieved 2024-02-28
• Meira, Sérgio (1998) A Reconstruction of Proto-Taranoan: Phonology and Inflectional Morphology‎^[3], Houston: Rice University, page 189
• Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎^[4], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 392