Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kumbā

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kumbʰos, *kumbʰéh₂, either from Proto-Indo-European *kew- (“bend”) or borrowing a from non-Indo-European substrate.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Proposed cognates include Proto-Germanic *kumbaz (“bowl, vat; valley”), Ancient Greek κύμβη (kúmbē, “basin, bowl”), Proto-Albanian *tˢumba^[5] (compare Albanian sumbull (“round button, knob”)), Proto-Indo-Iranian *kʰumbʰas (“pot”) (compare Avestan 𐬑𐬎𐬨𐬠𐬀 (xumba), Sanskrit कुम्भ (kumbha)).

Noun

*kumbā f

valley

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kumbā	*kumbai	*kumbās
vocative	*kumbā	*kumbai	*kumbās
accusative	*kumbam	*kumbai	*kumbāms
genitive	*kumbās	*kumbous	*kumbom
dative	*kumbāi	*kumbābom	*kumbābos
locative	*kumbai	*?	*?
instrumental	*?	*kumbābim	*kumbābis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *komm
- Breton: komm (“river-bed”)
- Cornish: komm
- Middle Welsh: cwm
  - Welsh: cwm
    - → English: cwm
- → Old English: cumb (partially)
  - English: combe, coomb
Gaulish: *kumba
- → Middle Latin: cumba, comba (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 229
^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 239
^ de Vaan, Michiel (1999) “The PIE root structure *Te(R)Dʰ-¹)”, in Historische Sprachforschung‎^[1], page 11
^ De Decker, Filip (2013) “Another attempt at a chronology for Grassmann’s Law in Greek”, in Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München‎^[2]
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎^[3], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 70

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 229

[2] Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 239

[3] Vaan, Michiel (1999) “The PIE root structure *Te(R)Dʰ-¹)”, in Historische Sprachforschung‎^[1], page 11

[4] De Decker, Filip (2013) “Another attempt at a chronology for Grassmann’s Law in Greek”, in Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München‎^[2]

[5] Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎^[3], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 70

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