Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sexskā

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Thought to be cognate with Proto-Germanic *sagjaz (“sedge”), both perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *sek(H)- (“to cut”),^[1] either from *séks-keh₂, from se-present *sék(H)-se-ti +‎ *-keh₂, or *sésk(H)-eh₂, from reduplicated thematic aorist *sé-sk(H)-et +‎ *-eh₂.^[2]^[3]

Noun

*sexskā f^[1]^[4]^[5]

rushes, sedge

Declension

Feminine ā-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sexskā	*sexskai	*sexskās
vocative	*sexskā	*sexskai	*sexskās
accusative	*sexskam	*sexskai	*sexskāms
genitive	*sexskās	*sexskous	*sexskom
dative	*sexskāi	*sexskābom	*sexskābos
locative	*sexskai	*?	*?
instrumental	*?	*sexskābim	*sexskābis

Alternative reconstructions

*seskā^[5]^[2]
*seskis^[2]
*sexskis^[4]

Reconstruction notes

The Middle Irish form, listed on DIL as an i-stem, is actually ambiguous between an i-stem and an ā-stem due to Middle Irish merging all final vowels into schwa.

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *hesk
- Middle Breton: hesq
  - Breton: hesk
- Cornish: heschen, hesc
- Middle Welsh: hescenn
  - Welsh: hesg
Middle Irish: seisc

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2. sĕk-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 895: “*sek-skā”
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 165: “*seski-; *seskV-”
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*sahaza-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 421
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*sex-skā/i-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 331
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Koch, John (2004) “*se(x)skā-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[2], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 291

[IEW-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2. sĕk-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 895: “*sek-skā”

[Zair-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 165: “*seski-; *seskV-”

[3] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*sahaza-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 421

[EDPC-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*sex-skā/i-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 331

[EPCW-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Koch, John (2004) “*se(x)skā-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[2], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 291

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