Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/tullos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Perhaps from earlier *tux-slo-, from Proto-Indo-European *tuk-slo-, from the root *tewk- (“to push, press (into), beat; to pierce, perforate”), an extended form of *(s)tew-. However, the attested Celtic reflexes show no trace of the presumed *x.

Adjective

*tullos

1. pierced, perforated
2. hollow

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tullos	*tullou	*tulloi
vocative	*tulle	*tullou	*tulloi
accusative	*tullom	*tullou	*tulloms
genitive	*tullī	*tullous	*tullom
dative	*tullūi	*tullobom	*tullobos
instrumental	*tullū	*tullobim	*tullobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tullā	*tullai	*tullās
vocative	*tullā	*tullai	*tullās
accusative	*tullam	*tullai	*tullams
genitive	*tullās	*tullous	*tullom
dative	*tullai	*tullābom	*tullābos
instrumental	*?	*tullābim	*tullābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tullom	*tullou	*tullā
vocative	*tullom	*tullou	*tullā
accusative	*tullom	*tullou	*tullā
genitive	*tullī	*tullous	*tullom
dative	*tullūi	*tullobom	*tullobos
instrumental	*tullū	*tullobim	*tullobis

Declension of the comparative
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tullyūs	*?	*tullyoses
vocative	*tullyūs	*?	*tullyoses
accusative	*tullyosam	*?	*tullyosams
genitive	*tullisos	*?	*tullisom
dative	*tullisei	*?	*tullisbos
instrumental	*tullisī	*?	*tullisbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tullyūs	*?	*tullyoses
vocative	*tullyūs	*?	*tullyoses
accusative	*tullyosam	*?	*tullyosams
genitive	*tullisos	*?	*tullisom
dative	*tullisei	*?	*tullisbos
instrumental	*tullisī	*?	*tullisbis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tullis	*?	*?
vocative	*tullis	*?	*?
accusative	*tullis	*?	*?
genitive	*tullisos	*?	*tullisom
dative	*tullisei	*?	*tullisbos
instrumental	*tullisī	*?	*tullisbis

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic:
  • Old Breton: tull (“foramen”)
    • Middle Breton: toull
      • Breton: toull (“hole”)
  • Cornish: toll, tol
  • Middle Welsh: twll
    • Welsh: twll (“hole”)
• Old Irish: toll
  • Irish: toll
• Celtiberian:
  • → Asturian: tollu, atollar, atolladal
  • → Catalan: toll
  • → Galician: tol, atolar
  • → Spanish: tollo, atolladero, atollar