Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wroikos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Unknown, possibly from a non-Indo-European substrate source. Cognates include Proto-Balto-Slavic *werˀź-, *wirˀź- (whence Lithuanian vìržis (“heather”), Latvian vir̂zis (“heather”), Proto-Slavic *vȇrsъ, *vȇrskъ) and Ancient Greek ἐρείκη (ereíkē, “heather”).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] It is sometimes linked to Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to twist, turn”).^[5]^[6]

Noun

*wroikos m

heather

Declension

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wroikos	*wroikou	*wroikoi
vocative	*wroike	*wroikou	*wroikoi
accusative	*wroikom	*wroikou	*wroikoms
genitive	*wroikī	*wroikous	*wroikom
dative	*wroikūi	*wroikobom	*wroikobos
locative	*wroikei	*?	*?
instrumental	*wroikū	*wroikobim	*wroikūis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *gwrʉg
- Cornish: grug
- Middle Breton: groegan
- Middle Welsh: gerug, gwrug
  - Welsh: grug
Old Irish: froích, fróech
- Middle Irish: fráech
  - Irish: fraoch
  - Scottish Gaelic: fraoch
  - Manx: freoagh
Celtiberian: *broikios
- → Vulgar Latin: *broccium~*verocium (see there for further descendants)
Gaulish: *wroika
- → Early Medieval Latin: brūcus (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἐρείκη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 452
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 431
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*vȇrsъ, *vȇrskъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 516
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 507
^ Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, volume II, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
^ Watkins, Calvert (1985) The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἐρείκη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 452

[2] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 431

[3] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*vȇrsъ, *vȇrskъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 516

[4] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 507

[5] Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, volume II, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN

[6] Watkins, Calvert (1985) The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

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