Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/cika

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From earlier *tika, as a part of the old layer of agricultural terminology in the more western Uralic languages whose origin remains unclear. Generally considered to be related at least to the Proto-Mordvinic *tuvə (“pig”), although the sound correspondences are not entirely regular. According to Koivulehto, the word might be a loanword from Proto-West Germanic *tigā (“goat”) (whence German Ziege), but this remains uncertain due to the semantic difference (compare however *lehmä). Another possibility is an old borrowing from Balto-Slavic from the same word whence Proto-Slavic *dikъ (“wild animal, especially a wild boar”), in which case the word would be cognate with Polish dzik (“wild boar”) and possibly Laconian Ancient Greek σίκα (síka, “pig”).

Noun

*cika

1. pig

Inflection

Inflection of *cika

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*cika	*cigat
accusative		*cigan	*cigat
genitive		*cigan	*cikadën *cikoidën
partitive		*cikada	*cikoida
inessive		*cigassa *cigahna	*cigoissa *cigoihna
elative		*cigasta	*cigoista
illative		*cikahën	*cikoihën
adessive		*cigalla	*cigoilla
ablative		*cigalta	*cigoilta
allative		*cikalën *cikalëk	*cikoilën *cikoilëk
essive		*cikana	*cikoina
translative		*cigaksi	*cigoiksi
instructive		*cigan	*cigoin
comitative		*cikanëk	*cikoinëk
abessive		*cigatta	*cigoitta

Descendants

• Estonian: siga
• Finnish: sika
• Ingrian: sika
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: šika
  • South Karelian: šiga
• Livonian: sigā
• Livvi: siga
• Ludian: šiga
• Veps: siga
• Võro: tsiga
• Votic: sika
• → Inari Sami: šahe
• → Skolt Sami: šââ´ǩǩ
• → Kildin Sami: шагкь (šagk’)
• → Ter Sami: šâkke
• → Russian: (dialectal) сика (sika), жижка (žižka)