Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/vottadak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
editEtymology
editUnclear. According to older theories, the word would be related to Northern Sami vuohttit, Komi-Zyrian вотны (votny), Northern Mansi ва̄туӈкве (vātuňkve) and Tundra Nenets [script needed] (wed́e-), suggesting it could come from Proto-Uralic *watta-, but this implies an irregular change of the initial vowel. Alternatively, according to Zhivlov (2014), from Proto-Uralic *wotta-, whence only the Finnic and Mansi terms.[1]
Koivulehto proposed that the word, through older *vont-ta-, is borrowed from Proto-Indo-European *wondʰ-éye- or its Pre-Germanic descendant, whence Proto-Germanic *wandijaną. The semantic development would be "to turn > turn towards oneself > take possession of" (cf. German wenden (“to turn”) > German entwenden (“to steal”), and possible parallels in older Germanic languages as well, such as Old Norse venda), with the older meaning surviving in the derived word *vot'in (“key”, literally “a tool which is turned”).[2]
Metsäranta (2020) raises the possibility that the root is actually two separate, originally unrelated roots. He also denies that the aforementioned Komi word (Komi-Zyrian вотны (votny)) is cognate with either, instead tracing it back to Proto-Uralic *wexe-ptä-.[3]
Noun
edit- to take
Inflection
edit| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *vot'an | *vot'ëin | — | *vottagon |
| 2nd sing. | *vot'at | *vot'ëit | *vot'ak | *vottagos |
| 3rd sing. | *vottabi *votta |
*vottëi | *vottagasën | *vottagosën |
| 1st plur. | *vot'akmëk *vot'akmak |
*vottëimëk *vottëimak |
*vottagatëmëk *vottagatamak |
*vottagotëmëk *vottagotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *vot'aktëk *vot'aktak |
*vottëidëk *vottëidak |
*vottagatë *vottagata |
*vottagot'ëk *vottagotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *vottabat *votta |
*vottëi | *vottagasën | *vottagosën |
| passive | *vot'aksën *vot'at'aksën |
*vottadisën *vot'attisën |
*vottadakahën *vot'attakahën |
*vottadakohën *vot'attakohën |
| connegative | *vot'ak | — | *vottagak | *vottagok |
| passive connegative | *vot'aktak | — | *vottadagak *vot'attagak |
*vottadagok *vot'attagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *vot'akcin | *vottëicin | *vottanën | |
| 2nd sing. | *vot'akcit | *vottëicit | *vottanët | |
| 3rd sing. | *vot'akci | *vottëici | *vottani | |
| 1st plur. | *vot'akcimëk *vot'akcimak |
*vottëicimëk *vottëicimak |
*vottanëmëk *vottanëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *vot'akcidëk *vot'akcidak |
*vottëicidëk *vottëicidak |
*vottanëdëk *vottanëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *vot'akci | *vottëici | *vottani | |
| passive | *vottadakcihën *vot'at'akcihën |
*vottadicihën *vot'atticihën |
*vottadanëhën *vot'attanëhën | |
| connegative | *vot'akcik | *vottëicik | *vottanëk | |
| passive connegative | *vottadakcik *vot'at'akcik |
*vottadicik *vot'atticik |
*vottadanëk *vot'attanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *vottadak | present | *vottaba | *vottadapa *vot'attapa |
| infinitive 2 | *vottadë- | past | *vottanut | *vottadu *vot'attu |
| gerund/supine | *vottama | |||
| action noun | *vottaminen | |||
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- Estonian: võtma/võtta
- Finnish: ottaa
- Ingrian: ottaa
- Karelian:
- Livonian: võttõ
- Livvi: ottoa
- Ludian: ottada
- Veps: otta
- Võro: võtma/võttaq
- Votic: võtta
References
edit- ^ Zhivlov, Mikhail. Studies in Uralic vocalism III. Journal of Language Relationship (Вопросы языкового родства) 12 (2014). p. 139
- ^ Koivulehto http://www.sgr.fi/susa/92/koivulehto.pdf
- ^ Metsäranta, Niklas. Periytyminen ja lainautuminen: Marin ja permiläisten kielten sanastontutkimusta (2020). University of Helsinki (Doctoral dissertation). pp. 241–243
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*(v)otta-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary][1] (in Finnish)