Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þrēaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *tréh₁-e-ti, from *treh₁-, *terh₁- (“to rub, turn, pierce”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈθrɛː.ɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*þrēaną

1. to twist, to turn

Inflection

Conjugation of *þrēaną (strong class 7d)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þrēō	*þrēaų	—	*þrēai	?
2nd singular	*þrēizi	*þrēaiz	*þrē	*þrēazai	*þrēaizau
3rd singular	*þrēidi	*þrēai	*þrēadau	*þrēadai	*þrēaidau
1st dual	*þrēōz	*þrēaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*þrēadiz	*þrēaidiz	*þrēadiz	—	—
1st plural	*þrēamaz	*þrēaim	—	*þrēandai	*þrēaindau
2nd plural	*þrēid	*þrēaid	*þrēid	*þrēandai	*þrēaindau
3rd plural	*þrēandi	*þrēain	*þrēandau	*þrēandai	*þrēaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þeþrō	*þeþrōį̄
2nd singular	*þeþrōt	*þeþrōīz
3rd singular	*þeþrō	*þeþrōī
1st dual	*þeþrōū	*þeþrōīw
2nd dual	*þeþrōudiz	*þeþrōīdiz
1st plural	*þeþrōum	*þeþrōīm
2nd plural	*þeþrōud	*þeþrōīd
3rd plural	*þeþrōun	*þeþrōīn
	present	past
participles	*þrēandz	*þrēanaz

Related terms

• *þrēduz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *þrāan
  • Old English: þrāwan
    • Middle English: throwen, thrawen, thorwen
      • English: throw
        • Northumbrian: thraa
      • Scots: thraw
      • Yola: drowe, draugh
  • Old Frisian: thrāia
    • North Frisian: treie
    • West Frisian: draaie, triuwe
  • Old Saxon: thrāian
    • Middle Low German: dreien, dreyen, drêgen, dreigen
      • German Low German: dreihen
      • Low German: draien, dreien
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: dreie
      • → Norwegian Nynorsk: dreie
      • → Swedish: dreja
      • → Danish: dreje
  • Old Dutch: thrāien
    • Middle Dutch: drâyen
      • Dutch: draaien
      • Limburgish: drejje, dreie
  • Old High German: drāen
    • Middle High German: dræjen, dræn
      • Bavarian: drahn
        • Cimbrian: dréenan
      • Central Franconian: driehe, drähe, drähne
        • Hunsrik: drehe
        • Luxembourgish: dréien, dréinen
      • German: drehen
      • Yiddish: דרייען (dreyen)