Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ainafalþaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *ainaz +‎ *-falþaz. Compare Latin simplex (“folded once”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑi̯.nɑ.ˌɸɑl.θɑz/

Adjective

*ainafalþaz

1. onefold, simple
2. whole, single

Inflection

Declension of *ainafalþaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*ainafalþaz	*ainafalþai	*ainafalþō	*ainafalþôz	*ainafalþą, -atō	*ainafalþō
Accusative	*ainafalþanǭ	*ainafalþanz	*ainafalþǭ	*ainafalþōz	*ainafalþą, -atō	*ainafalþō
Genitive	*ainafalþas, -is	*ainafalþaizǫ̂	*ainafalþaizōz	*ainafalþaizǫ̂	*ainafalþas, -is	*ainafalþaizǫ̂
Dative	*ainafalþammai	*ainafalþaimaz	*ainafalþaizōi	*ainafalþaimaz	*ainafalþammai	*ainafalþaimaz
Instrumental	*ainafalþanō	*ainafalþaimiz	*ainafalþaizō	*ainafalþaimiz	*ainafalþanō	*ainafalþaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*ainafalþô	*ainafalþaniz	*ainafalþǭ	*ainafalþōniz	*ainafalþô	*ainafalþōnō
Accusative	*ainafalþanų	*ainafalþanunz	*ainafalþōnų	*ainafalþōnunz	*ainafalþô	*ainafalþōnō
Genitive	*ainafalþiniz	*ainafalþanǫ̂	*ainafalþōniz	*ainafalþōnǫ̂	*ainafalþiniz	*ainafalþanǫ̂
Dative	*ainafalþini	*ainafalþammaz	*ainafalþōni	*ainafalþōmaz	*ainafalþini	*ainafalþammaz
Instrumental	*ainafalþinē	*ainafalþammiz	*ainafalþōnē	*ainafalþōmiz	*ainafalþinē	*ainafalþammiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *ainfald
  • Old English: ānfeald
    • Middle English: anfald, onfold
      • English: onefold
      • Scots: aefauld, aefald, aefaul (noun), ae-fald, ae-faul (adj), afawld, afald
  • Old Frisian: ēnfald
    • ⇒ Saterland Frisian: eenfooldig, eenfooldich, eenfooltich, eenfoltig
    • ⇒ West Frisian: ienfâldich
  • Old Saxon: ēnfald
    • Middle Low German: ênvālt, ênvōlt
      • German Low German: Eenfold (noun)
        • ⇒ German Low German: eenfoldig
  • Old Dutch: *ēnfalt
    • Middle Dutch: eenvout
      • ⇒ Middle Dutch: eenvoude (noun)
        • Dutch: eenvoud
      • ⇒ Middle Dutch: einvoldeg, eenvuldich, eenvoudich
        • ⇒ Dutch: eenvoudig
  • Old High German: einfalt
    • Middle High German: einvalt, einfalt
      • German: einfältig (Einfalt is a back-formation)
• Old Norse: einfaldr
  • Icelandic: einfaldur
  • Faroese: einfaldur
  • Old Swedish: ēnfalder
    • Swedish: enfaldig
  • Danish: enfoldig
  • Gutnish: ainfaldur, ainfalduar
• Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍆𐌰𐌻𐌸𐍃 (ainfalþs)