Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dūnaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈduː.nɑz/

Etymology 1

From *dū- (“to whisk, whip up, agitate, storm”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke, dust, haze”).

Noun

*dūnaz m

1. an accumulation, pile, heap

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *dūnaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*dūnaz	*dūnōz, *dūnōs
vocative	*dūn	*dūnōz, *dūnōs
accusative	*dūną	*dūnanz
genitive	*dūnas, *dūnis	*dūnǫ̂
dative	*dūnai	*dūnamaz
instrumental	*dūnō	*dūnamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *dūnā, *dūn m, *dūnu f, *dūnō m
  • Old English: dūn f or m
    • Middle English: dune, doun
      • English: dune, down
      • Scots: doun, down
  • Old Saxon: *dūna f, *dūn m
    • Middle Low German: dûne, dunne f, don, done, donne m
      • German Low German: Düne, Düün
      • → German: Düne
      • → Swedish: dyn, dyne
      • → Norwegian: dyne
      • → Danish: dyne
  • Old Dutch: dūn, dūno ?
    • Middle Dutch: dûne f or n
      • Dutch: duin f
        • Afrikaans: duin
      • → Old Frisian: dūne f, *dūn n (also possibly borrowed from Low German)
        • Saterland Frisian: Dúune, Duune f
        • West Frisian: dún n
      • → Old French: dune
        • Middle French: dune
          • French: dune
  • Old High German: *tūna, dūna f
• >? Old Norse: dúnn, dýnn, dunn, dynn
  • ⇒ Old Norse: sauðadunn, sauðadynn

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, fume, raise dust”).

Noun

*dūnaz m

2. down (feathers of young birds)

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *dūnaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*dūnaz	*dūnōz, *dūnōs
vocative	*dūn	*dūnōz, *dūnōs
accusative	*dūną	*dūnanz
genitive	*dūnas, *dūnis	*dūnǫ̂
dative	*dūnai	*dūnamaz
instrumental	*dūnō	*dūnamiz

Derived terms

• *dūnijǭ

Related terms

• *daumaz
• *daunaz

Descendants

• Old Norse: dúnn
  • Icelandic: dúnn
  • Faroese: dún
  • Norwegian: dun
  • Old Swedish: dūn
    • Swedish: dun
  • Elfdalian: daungen
  • Danish: dun
  • Gutnish: däun
  • → Middle English: doun, downe
    • English: down
  • → Middle Low German: dûne
    • German Low German: Duun
    • → Dutch: dons
    • → German: Daune
    • → Saterland Frisian: Duune
  • → Old French: dum, dun (see there for further descendants)