Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fukkōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸuk.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From Pre-Germanic *pugnéh₂-. Likely related to Latvian puga (“gust of wind”), as well as perhaps Old Armenian փուք (pʻukʻ, “breath, air”).^[1]

Verb

*fukkōną

to blow, gust

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *fukk- against non-singular *fuk-.

Conjugation of *fukkōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*fukkō	*fukkǭ	—	*fukkōi	?
2nd singular	*fukkōsi	*fukkōs	*fukkō	*fukkōsai	*fukkōsau
3rd singular	*fukkōþi	*fukkō	*fukkōþau	*fukkōþai	*fukkōþau
1st dual	*fukkōs	*fukkōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*fukkōþiz	*fukkōþiz	*fukkōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*fukkōmaz	*fukkōm	—	*fukkōnþai	*fukkōnþau
2nd plural	*fukkōþ	*fukkōþ	*fukkōþ	*fukkōnþai	*fukkōnþau
3rd plural	*fukkōnþi	*fukkōn	*fukkōnþau	*fukkōnþai	*fukkōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*fukkōdǭ	*fukkōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*fukkōdēz	*fukkōdēdīz
3rd singular	*fukkōdē	*fukkōdēdī
1st dual	*fukkōdēdū	*fukkōdēdīw
2nd dual	*fukkōdēdudiz	*fukkōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*fukkōdēdum	*fukkōdēdīm
2nd plural	*fukkōdēdud	*fukkōdēdīd
3rd plural	*fukkōdēdun	*fukkōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*fukkōndz	*fukkōdaz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *fokkōn
- Old Dutch: *fokkon
  - Middle Dutch: vocken
- Old High German: fohhōn, fochōn
  - Middle High German: fochen
Old Norse: *fokka
- Icelandic: fokka
- ⇒ Faroese: fokka (“foresail”, noun)

Etymology 2

From Pre-Germanic *pugnéh₂-, likely a zero-grade iterative from Proto-Indo-European *pug-, *pewǵ- (“to strike, assail”). Related to Latin pugnus (“fist”), Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”), possibly also Russian пуга́ть (pugátʹ, “to frighten, scare”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)