Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gōmô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *gaumô

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to yawn, gape”) via a -w- extension. Early Germanic -ōw- developed into -ō- only in open syllables, being shortened to -au- in closed syllables, resulting in the oblique form *gaumn-, whence the Old High German variant. Related to Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣɔː.mɔːː/

Noun

*gōmô m

1. gum, palate

Inflection

masculine an-stemDeclension of *gōmô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*gōmô	*gōmaniz
vocative	*gōmô	*gōmaniz
accusative	*gōmanų	*gōmanunz
genitive	*gōminiz	*gōmanǫ̂
dative	*gōmini	*gōmammaz
instrumental	*gōminē	*gōmammiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *gōmō
  • Old English: gōma
    • Middle English: gome, goome, gomme, gumme
      • English: gum, goom (dialectal)
      • Scots: goom, geem, gum
  • Old Saxon: *gōmo
    • Middle Low German: gume
      • Low German: gume
  • Old High German: guomo
    • Middle High German: guome, guom
      • Luxembourgish: Gumm
      • Yiddish: גומען (gumen)
• Old Norse: gómr, gómi
  • Icelandic: gómur
  • Faroese: gómur, gómi
  • Norwegian: gom, gomme
  • Old Swedish: gōme m, gōma f
    • Swedish: gom m, gomme m, goma f
  • Old Danish: gomæn (attested in definite form only)
    • Middle Danish: gomæ
      • Danish: gum, gumme
• → Proto-Samic: *kuomē (see there for further descendants)

References

• gom in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• “gumme” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog