Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gallǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”). Related to Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “gall, bile”), Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬀 (zāra, “gall”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣɑl.lɔ̃ː/

Noun

*gallǭ f

1. gall, bile

   Synonym: *gallô

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *gallǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*gallǭ	*gallōniz
vocative	*gallǭ	*gallōniz
accusative	*gallōnų	*gallōnunz
genitive	*gallōniz	*gallōnǫ̂
dative	*gallōni	*gallōmaz
instrumental	*gallōnē	*gallōmiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *gallā
  • Old English: galla, ġealla
    • English: gall
  • Old Frisian: *galle
    • Saterland Frisian: Galle
    • West Frisian: galle
  • Old Saxon: galla
    • Middle Low German: galle
      • German Low German: Galle, Gall
      • Low German: galle
  • Old Dutch: galla
    • Middle Dutch: gale
      • Dutch: gal
        • Afrikaans: gal
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: gali
        • Negerhollands: gal
        • → Papiamentu: hal, gal
      • Limburgish: gal
  • Old High German: galla
    • Middle High German: galle
      • Cimbrian: galla
      • German: Galle
      • Luxembourgish: Gal
      • Yiddish: גאַל (gal)
• Old Norse: gall (< *gallą)
  • Icelandic: gall
  • Faroese: gall
  • Norwegian Bokmål: galle
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: galle
  • Old Swedish: galle
    • Swedish: galle, galla
  • Old Danish: gallæ
    • Danish: galde
• →? Latin: galla (see there for further descendants)