Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haubudą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From earlier *hafud, from Proto-Indo-European *káput. Cognate with Latin caput.

The original form in Germanic was *habudą, which has been retained in most North Germanic dialects, whereas some North Germanic dialects along with the West Germanic languages and Gothic have forms that go back to *haubudą or *haubidą. The diphthong may be due to metathesis, if one reconstructs the original paradigm nominative *hafuþ ~ genitive *habweþaz.

The same root but with an alternate ending also appears in Germanic: *habulô (e.g. Old English hafola (“head”)). The presence of initial *-a- in both *habudą and *habulô remains unexplained.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑu̯.βu.ðɑ̃/

Noun

*haubudą n

1. head

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *haubudą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*haubudą	*haubudō
vocative	*haubudą	*haubudō
accusative	*haubudą	*haubudō
genitive	*haubudas, *haubudis	*haubudǫ̂
dative	*haubudai	*haubudamaz
instrumental	*haubudō	*haubudamiz

Descendants

From *haubudą:

• Proto-West Germanic: *haubud
  • Old English: hēafod
    • Middle English: heed
      • English: head, heed, hed (obsolete), 'ead (UK, eye dialect)
        • → Japanese: ヘッド (heddo)
        • Sranan Tongo: ede
          • Aukan: ede
          • Saramaccan: hédi
      • Geordie English: heed
      • Scots: heid
      • Yola: heade, haade, hade
  • Old Frisian: hāved, hāud, hāfd, hād
    • North Frisian: hood (Föhr-Amrum), Haur (Sylt)
    • Saterland Frisian: Haud
    • West Frisian: haad
  • Old High German: houbit, haupit
    • Middle High German: höubet, houbet, houpt
      • Alemannic German: Haupt
      • German: Haupt, Haubt, Häubt, Häupt, Heubt, Heupt
        • → Plautdietsch: Haupt
      • Vilamovian: hiöt
      • Yiddish: הויפּט (hoypt)
• Old Norse: haufuð
  • Icelandic: haufuð
  • >? Norwegian Nynorsk: (dialectal) hauv, haue, haud
• Crimean Gothic: hoef

From *haubidą:

• Proto-West Germanic: *haubid (see there for further descendants)
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌸 (haubiþ)
• Crimean Gothic: hoef

From *hafudą or *habudą:

• Old English: *hafud (in hafudland (“headland”)
• Old Norse: hǫfuð
  • Icelandic: höfuð
  • Faroese: høvd, høvur
  • Norn: heved
  • Norwegian: hovud; (dialectal) huvud, hugud, hue, haud
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: hue
  • Jamtish: huvu
  • Elfdalian: ovuð
  • Old Swedish: hovuþ, huwuþ, hoffuidh, hwffuit
    • Swedish: huvud
  • Old Danish: hofuþ, houæth
    • Scanian: huweð
    • Danish: hoved, hode
      • Norwegian Bokmål: hode, hoved-
  • Old Gutnish: hafuþ
    • Gutnish: häud, håvud
  • English: Howth