Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwatjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hwataz (“quick, sharp, brave”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxʷɑt.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hwatjaną

1. to sharpen; whet
2. to instigate; incite

Inflection

Conjugation of *hwatjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hwatjō	*hwatjaų	—	*hwatjai	?
2nd singular	*hwatisi	*hwatjais	*hwati	*hwatjasai	*hwatjaisau
3rd singular	*hwatiþi	*hwatjai	*hwatjaþau	*hwatjaþai	*hwatjaiþau
1st dual	*hwatjōs	*hwatjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hwatjaþiz	*hwatjaiþiz	*hwatjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hwatjamaz	*hwatjaim	—	*hwatjanþai	*hwatjainþau
2nd plural	*hwatiþ	*hwatjaiþ	*hwatiþ	*hwatjanþai	*hwatjainþau
3rd plural	*hwatjanþi	*hwatjain	*hwatjanþau	*hwatjanþai	*hwatjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hwatidǭ	*hwatidēdį̄
2nd singular	*hwatidēz	*hwatidēdīz
3rd singular	*hwatidē	*hwatidēdī
1st dual	*hwatidēdū	*hwatidēdīw
2nd dual	*hwatidēdudiz	*hwatidēdīdiz
1st plural	*hwatidēdum	*hwatidēdīm
2nd plural	*hwatidēdud	*hwatidēdīd
3rd plural	*hwatidēdun	*hwatidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*hwatjandz	*hwatidaz

Related terms

• *hwatō
• *hwatōną
• *hwētaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hwattjan
  • Old English: hwettan
    • Middle English: whetten, qwete, whett, whette, whettyn, whætte (Early Middle English)
      • English: whet
      • Scots: what
      • Yola: what
  • Old Frisian: *hwetta; *hwettia
    • Saterland Frisian: wätje
    • West Frisian: hwetsje, hotsje
  • Old Saxon: *hwettian
    • Middle Low German: wetten
      • German Low German: wetten
  • Old Dutch: *wetten
    • Middle Dutch: wetten
      • Dutch: wetten
  • Old High German: hwezzen, wezzen
    • Middle High German: wetzen
      • Cimbrian: bétzan
      • German: wetzen
• Old Norse: hvetja
  • Icelandic: hvetja
  • Faroese: hvøtja
  • Norwegian: kvetja
  • Old Swedish: hvætia
    • Swedish: vättja, hvättja (dialectal)
  • Danish: hvæde, hvætte (dialectal)
• Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍈𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaƕatjan)