Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lappōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *lap-néh₂- (“to lick”). The root was probably onomatopoeic and might have come about after the PIE period proper. Related to Latin lambō (“to lick”), Lithuanian lapènti (“to drink greedily (of pigs)”), Ancient Greek λάπτω (láptō, “idem”), Albanian lap (“to lick or lap up water”), Russian ло́пать (lópatʹ, “to gobble up”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɑp.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*lappōną

1. to lap, lick up

Inflection

Conjugation of *lappōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*lappō	*lappǭ	—	*lappōi	?
2nd singular	*lappōsi	*lappōs	*lappō	*lappōsai	*lappōsau
3rd singular	*lappōþi	*lappō	*lappōþau	*lappōþai	*lappōþau
1st dual	*lappōs	*lappōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*lappōþiz	*lappōþiz	*lappōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*lappōmaz	*lappōm	—	*lappōnþai	*lappōnþau
2nd plural	*lappōþ	*lappōþ	*lappōþ	*lappōnþai	*lappōnþau
3rd plural	*lappōnþi	*lappōn	*lappōnþau	*lappōnþai	*lappōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*lappōdǭ	*lappōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*lappōdēz	*lappōdēdīz
3rd singular	*lappōdē	*lappōdēdī
1st dual	*lappōdēdū	*lappōdēdīw
2nd dual	*lappōdēdudiz	*lappōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*lappōdēdum	*lappōdēdīm
2nd plural	*lappōdēdud	*lappōdēdīd
3rd plural	*lappōdēdun	*lappōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*lappōndz	*lappōdaz

Derivatives

• *lapaną (back-formation)

Descendants

The original paradigm was singular *lapp- against non-singular *lab-, with different leveling among the daughter languages.

• Old English: lapian
  • Middle English: lapien, lappen
    • English: lap, lape (obsolete)
• Dutch: labben, lappen (early modern)
• Old Norse: *lapa
  • Old Swedish: lapa
    • Swedish: lapa