Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/seglą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown; possibly:

cognate with obsolete Lithuanian sāgė (“warp, shawl”), from Proto-Indo-European *segʰ-;^[1]
from earlier *siglą, cognate with Proto-Celtic *siglom, whence Old Irish séol (“sail; quilt; course”), Old Welsh huil (“sail”), if not themselves Germanic borrowings; according to Schrijver, the Celtic being inherited would require Proto-Indo-European *sigʰ-;^[2]
cognate with Hittite 𒊺𒅅𒉡𒌋 (še-ek-nu-u /⁠šeknu⁠/, “cloak”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *sek(h₁)-ló-m, from *sek(h₁)- (“to cut”),^[3]^[4]^[5] though semantically unconvincing;^[2]
cognate with Latin sagum, sagus (“coarse woolen coat, soldier's coat”), allegedly borrowed from Gaulish *sagos (“wool cloak”);^[5]
or perhaps related to Icelandic segl, Faroese sigli (“piece of wood in the eye of a grinding mill”), implying an original meaning of “mast”.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈseɣ.lɑ̃/

Noun

*seglą n^[5]^[1]

sheet
Synonym: *skautaz
sail

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *seglą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*seglą	*seglō
vocative	*seglą	*seglō
accusative	*seglą	*seglō
genitive	seglas, siglis	*seglǫ̂
dative	*seglai	*seglamaz
instrumental	*seglō	*seglamiz

Alternative reconstructions

*siglą^[2]

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *segl
- Old English: seġl, seġel
  - Middle English: seyl, seil, sayle, saile
    - Scots: sail, saill, sale
    - English: sail
  - → Old Irish: séol
    - Irish: seol
    - Manx: shiaull
    - Scottish Gaelic: seòl
  - → Proto-Brythonic: *huɨl
    - Breton: gouel
    - Welsh: hwyl
- Old Frisian: seil
  - Saterland Frisian: Sail
  - West Frisian: seil
- Old Saxon: segal, segel
  - Middle Low German: segel; segelstēn
    - Low German: Seil, Segel
    - Plautdietsch: Säajel
    - → Icelandic: segulsteinn, segull
- Old Dutch: segil
  - Middle Dutch: sēgel, seil
    - Dutch: zeil
      - Afrikaans: seil
- Old High German: segal
  - Middle High German: sëgel
    - German: Segel
      - → Luxembourgish: Seegel
      - → Polish: żagiel
Old Norse: segl
- Icelandic: segl
- Faroese: segl
- Norn: segel
- Norwegian Nynorsk: segl
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: segl
- Old Swedish: sæghl
  - Swedish: segel
- Old Danish: seyl
  - Danish: sejl
    - Norwegian Bokmål: seil
  - Scanian: seğl
- Gutnish: segel, sjägel, sigel, sjägul
- → Old French: sigle, seigle
→? Proto-Celtic: *siglom (“sail; course, run”)^[2]^[5]
- Proto-Brythonic: *hɨɣl (“sail; course, run”)
  - Old Welsh: huil
    - Middle Welsh: hwyl
      - Welsh: heol
- Old Irish: séol
  - Middle Irish: seól
    - Irish: seol
    - Scottish Gaelic: seòl
    - Manx: shiaull
  - ⇒ Middle Irish: seólaid
    - Irish: seol
    - Manx: shiauill
    - Scottish Gaelic: seòl

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*segla-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 430–431
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 357
^ Hrozný, B. (1919) “Hethitische Keilschrifttexte aus Boghazköy”, in Umschrift, mit Übersetzung und Kommentar (Boghazköi-Studien; 3) (in German), Leipzig, page 76
^ Weitenberg, Joseph J.S. (1984) Die hethitischen U-Stämme, Amsterdam: Rodopi, page 227
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2. *sĕk-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 895: “*seglo- [..] aus *sekló-m”

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*segla-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 430–431

[Schrijver-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 357

[3] Hrozný, B. (1919) “Hethitische Keilschrifttexte aus Boghazköy”, in Umschrift, mit Übersetzung und Kommentar (Boghazköi-Studien; 3) (in German), Leipzig, page 76

[4] Weitenberg, Joseph J.S. (1984) Die hethitischen U-Stämme, Amsterdam: Rodopi, page 227

[IEW-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2. *sĕk-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 895: “*seglo- [..] aus *sekló-m”

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