Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skrīþaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *skrīdaną (Old Frisian and Old High German)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreyt- (“to stride”), which Kroonen assumes may be an extension of a root *(s)krey- (“to go about”) shared with Baltic, the latter whose forms are extended as *(s)kreydʰ-; comparanda include Lithuanian skrìsti (“to rush, run”), skraidùs (“fast”), skriẽti (“to circle, fly in circles”), Latvian skrìedinât (“to drive”), skrìet (“to run, fly”). Whether the root *skrey- is related to *(s)ker- (“to twist, turn, bend”) is uncertain.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskriː.θɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skrīþaną

1. to walk, glide, crawl

Inflection

Conjugation of *skrīþaną (strong class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skrīþō	*skrīþaų	—	*skrīþai	?
2nd singular	*skrīþizi	*skrīþaiz	*skrīþ	*skrīþazai	*skrīþaizau
3rd singular	*skrīþidi	*skrīþai	*skrīþadau	*skrīþadai	*skrīþaidau
1st dual	*skrīþōz	*skrīþaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skrīþadiz	*skrīþaidiz	*skrīþadiz	—	—
1st plural	*skrīþamaz	*skrīþaim	—	*skrīþandai	*skrīþaindau
2nd plural	*skrīþid	*skrīþaid	*skrīþid	*skrīþandai	*skrīþaindau
3rd plural	*skrīþandi	*skrīþain	*skrīþandau	*skrīþandai	*skrīþaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skraiþ	*skridį̄
2nd singular	*skraist	*skridīz
3rd singular	*skraiþ	*skridī
1st dual	*skridū	*skridīw
2nd dual	*skridudiz	*skridīdiz
1st plural	*skridum	*skridīm
2nd plural	*skridud	*skridīd
3rd plural	*skridun	*skridīn
	present	past
participles	*skrīþandz	*skridanaz

Related terms

• *skridaz
• *skriþiz/*skridiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skrīþan
  • Old English: sċrīþan
    • → English: shrithe (revived)
  • Old Frisian: *skrītha, skrīda
  • Old Saxon: scrīthan, skrīdan
    • Middle Low German: schrîden
      • Low German: schrieden
  • Old Dutch: *scrīthan
    • Middle Dutch: schriden
      • Dutch: schrijden
  • Old High German: skrītan, scrītan
    • Middle High German: schrīten
      • German: schreiten
• Old Norse: skríða
  • Icelandic: skríða
  • Faroese: skríða
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: skrida, skri
  • Old Swedish: skridha
    • Swedish: skrida
  • Old Danish: skrithæ
    • Danish: skride
      • Norwegian Bokmål: skride, skri
  • → Middle English: skrithen, scrithen