Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wēnijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *wēniz (“hope, expectation”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwɛː.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wēnijaną

to hope, to expect
to believe, to imagine
to ween, think (be of a certain opinion)
1. (impersonal, with dative)

Inflection

Conjugation of *wēnijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*wēnijō	*wēnijaų	—	*wēnijai	?
2nd singular	*wēnīsi	*wēnijais	*wēnī	*wēnijasai	*wēnijaisau
3rd singular	*wēnīþi	*wēnijai	*wēnijaþau	*wēnijaþai	*wēnijaiþau
1st dual	*wēnijōs	*wēnijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wēnijaþiz	*wēnijaiþiz	*wēnijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*wēnijamaz	*wēnijaim	—	*wēnijanþai	*wēnijainþau
2nd plural	*wēnīþ	*wēnijaiþ	*wēnīþ	*wēnijanþai	*wēnijainþau
3rd plural	*wēnijanþi	*wēnijain	*wēnijanþau	*wēnijanþai	*wēnijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wēnidǭ	*wēnidēdį̄
2nd singular	*wēnidēz	*wēnidēdīz
3rd singular	*wēnidē	*wēnidēdī
1st dual	*wēnidēdū	*wēnidēdīw
2nd dual	*wēnidēdudiz	*wēnidēdīdiz
1st plural	*wēnidēdum	*wēnidēdīm
2nd plural	*wēnidēdud	*wēnidēdīd
3rd plural	*wēnidēdun	*wēnidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*wēnijandz	*wēnidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wānijan
- Old English: wǣnan, wēnan
  - Middle English: wenen
    - Scots: wen, wene, ween
    - English: ween
- Old Frisian: wēna
- Old Saxon: wānian
  - Middle Low German: wânen
- Old Dutch: wānen
  - Middle Dutch: wânen
    - Dutch: wanen
- Old High German: wānen
  - Middle High German: wænen
    - German: wähnen
Old Norse: væna
- Icelandic: væna, í vændum
- Faroese: væna
- Old Swedish: vǣna
Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wēnjan)