Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Borrowed, as one of the earliest loanwords in Germanic, from Latin vīnum.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwiː.nɑ̃/

Noun

*wīną n

wine

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *wīną (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*wīną	*wīnō
vocative	*wīną	*wīnō
accusative	*wīną	*wīnō
genitive	wīnas, wīnis	*wīnǫ̂
dative	*wīnai	*wīnamaz
instrumental	*wīnō	*wīnamiz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wīn
- Old English: wīn
  - Middle English: wyn, win, wine, wyne, wijn, vine, vyn, vyne, wyen, weyn, wynne
    - English: wine (see there for further descendants)
    - Scots: wyne
- Old Frisian: wīn
  - Saterland Frisian: Wien
  - West Frisian: wyn
- Old Saxon: wīn
  - Middle Low German: wîn
    - German Low German: Wien
    - Plautdietsch: Wien
    - → Latvian: vīns
- Old Dutch: wīn m
  - Middle Dutch: wijn
    - Dutch: wijn
      - Afrikaans: wyn
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: win
      - Negerhollands: wien, win
      - → Saramaccan: wín
      - →? Sranan Tongo: win
        → Lokono: wing
        → Caribbean Javanese: win
    - Limburgish: wien
- Old High German: wīn m
  - Middle High German: wīn
    - Alemannic German: Wii, Wi, Wy, wi, wii, wéin (Italian Walser)
      Italian Walser: wi, wii, wéin
      Swabian: Wai, Wei, Woi, Wi
    - Bavarian: Wein
      Cimbrian: bain, boi
      Mòcheno: bai'
      Udinese: bain
    - Central Franconian: Weng
      Kölsch: Wing
      Hunsrik: Weng
      Lorraine Franconian: Weïn, Win
      Transylvanian Saxon: Weng
    - German: Wein
      - → Estonian: vein
    - Luxembourgish: Wäin
    - Rhine Franconian: Wei, Weng, Win
      Hessian: Woi
      Palatine German: Wai, Wäi, Wenn, Winn, Woin
    - Vilamovian: wajn
    - Yiddish: ווײַן (vayn)
Proto-Norse:
- Old Norse: vín
  - Icelandic: vín
  - Faroese: vín
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: vin
    - Russenorsk: vin, vina
  - Norwegian Bokmål: vin
  - Old Swedish: vīn
    - Swedish: vin
      - → Finnish: viini
  - Old Danish: win
    - Danish: vin
      - → Greenlandic: viinni
- → Proto-Finnic: *viina (see there for further descendants)
Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 (wein)^[1]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 B. Richard Page, in Studies in Classical Linguistics in Honor of Philip Baldi (2010, ed. by Page and Aaron Rubin), pages 75-76: "Latin vinum 'wine' is one of the earliest loanwords in Germanic. It is attested throughout Germanic: Go. wein, ON vin vín, OE wīn, OHG wīn, OS wīn. Jellinek (1926: 184-185) argues that the loan occurred no later than the first century CE since the Germanic forms reflect a phonetic glide for initial Latin (v). Latin texts in the first century CE often confuse (b) with etymologically expected (v), indicating spirantization of the glide. Additional support is found in the orthographic treatment of Latin (v) in later Latin loanwords. Compare Go. wein with Go. naúbaímbaír 'November' (Green 1998: 207). Further phonological evidence for the early date of the loan is the loss of the final -o < -um in Latin vinum via the Germanic Auslautgesetze (Jellinek 1926: 185, Green 1998: 207). Green (1998: 127-129) surveys extralinguistic evidence that indicates the Germani were acquainted with wine, and presumably the word vinum, by the first century BCE. A large number of Roman wine sets have been discovered throughout Germanic territories in Northern Europe,..."

[Page-1] 1.0 ^1.1 B. Richard Page, in Studies in Classical Linguistics in Honor of Philip Baldi (2010, ed. by Page and Aaron Rubin), pages 75-76: "Latin vinum 'wine' is one of the earliest loanwords in Germanic. It is attested throughout Germanic: Go. wein, ON vin vín, OE wīn, OHG wīn, OS wīn. Jellinek (1926: 184-185) argues that the loan occurred no later than the first century CE since the Germanic forms reflect a phonetic glide for initial Latin (v). Latin texts in the first century CE often confuse (b) with etymologically expected (v), indicating spirantization of the glide. Additional support is found in the orthographic treatment of Latin (v) in later Latin loanwords. Compare Go. wein with Go. naúbaímbaír 'November' (Green 1998: 207). Further phonological evidence for the early date of the loan is the loss of the final -o < -um in Latin vinum via the Germanic Auslautgesetze (Jellinek 1926: 185, Green 1998: 207). Green (1998: 127-129) surveys extralinguistic evidence that indicates the Germani were acquainted with wine, and presumably the word vinum, by the first century BCE. A large number of Roman wine sets have been discovered throughout Germanic territories in Northern Europe,..."

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