Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wilþijaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

According to Kroonen, from Proto-Indo-European *welt-yo-s (“wild, savage”) (though Matasovic reconstructs the root as *gʷʰel-t-), and cognate with Proto-Celtic *gʷeltis (“wild; mad”) (Welsh gwyllt (“wild”), Irish gealt (“lunatic”)). Kroonen additionally suggests that the root is related to Proto-Germanic *walþuz (“forest”), perhaps via a Proto-Indo-European *wel-, *welw- (“hair, wool, grass, ear (of corn), forest”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwil.θi.jɑz/

Adjective

*wilþijaz

1. wild

Inflection

Declension of *wilþijaz (ja-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*wilþijaz	*wilþijai	*wilþijō	*wilþijôz	*wilþiją, -atō	*wilþijō
Accusative	*wilþijanǭ	*wilþijanz	*wilþijǭ	*wilþijōz	*wilþiją, -atō	*wilþijō
Genitive	*wilþijas, -īs	*wilþijaizǫ̂	*wilþijaizōz	*wilþijaizǫ̂	*wilþijas, -īs	*wilþijaizǫ̂
Dative	*wilþijammai	*wilþijaimaz	*wilþijaizōi	*wilþijaimaz	*wilþijammai	*wilþijaimaz
Instrumental	*wilþijanō	*wilþijaimiz	*wilþijaizō	*wilþijaimiz	*wilþijanō	*wilþijaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*wilþijô	*wilþijaniz	*wilþijǭ	*wilþijōniz	*wilþijô	*wilþijōnō
Accusative	*wilþijanų	*wilþijanunz	*wilþijōnų	*wilþijōnunz	*wilþijô	*wilþijōnō
Genitive	*wilþīniz	*wilþijanǫ̂	*wilþijōniz	*wilþijōnǫ̂	*wilþīniz	*wilþijanǫ̂
Dative	*wilþīni	*wilþijammaz	*wilþijōni	*wilþijōmaz	*wilþīni	*wilþijammaz
Instrumental	*wilþīnē	*wilþijammiz	*wilþijōnē	*wilþijōmiz	*wilþīnē	*wilþijammiz

Related terms

• *walþuz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *wilþī
  • Old English: wilde
    • Middle English: wild, wilde, wielde, wille, will
      • English: wild
      • Scots: wylde, wild, wile
  • Old Frisian: wilde
    • Saterland Frisian: wíeld, wüüld
    • West Frisian: wyld
  • Old Saxon: wildi
    • Middle Low German: wilde, wilt
      • Low German: wild
      • Plautdietsch: wilt
    • → Danish: vild
    • → Swedish: vild
  • Old Dutch: wildi
    • Middle Dutch: wilde, wilt
      • Dutch: wild
        • Afrikaans: wild
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: weldri
        • Jersey Dutch: wäld
        • Negerhollands: wild, weeld, welt, willit, wil
      • Limburgish: wildj
  • Old High German: wildi
    • Middle High German: wilde
      • Central Franconian: weld, well (chiefly Moselle Franconian)

        Hunsrik: wild

        Luxembourgish: wëll

      • Bavarian: wüd, wuid, wüld
      • Cimbrian: bill
      • German: wild
      • Vilamovian: wyłd
      • Yiddish: ווילד (vild)
• Old Norse: villr
  • Icelandic: villur
  • Faroese: villur
  • Norn: vill
  • Norwegian: vill
  • Old Swedish: viller
    • Swedish: vill
    • → Finnish: villi
  • Gutnish: vildar, villar
  • Scanian: vilðer
  • ⇒ Danish: vild (influenced by Old Saxon wildi)
  • ⇒ Old Swedish: vilder (influenced by Old Saxon wildi)
    • Swedish: vild
• Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 (wilþeis)