Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂epó

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Adverb

*h₂epó

1. off, away

   Synonym: *h₂pó

Alternative reconstructions

• *apó (based on Anatolian evidence)

Derived terms

• *h₂epo-tm̥mo-
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *apatamás
    • Proto-Iranian: *apatamaH
      • Old Persian: 𐎠𐎱𐎫𐎶 (*apatama)
        • Middle Persian: [script needed] (abdum)
          • Persian: افدم (afdom, “last, end”)

Related terms

• *h₂pó
• *h₂ep-s
  • ⇒ Proto-Albanian: *apsera (< *h₂ep-s-ero-)
    • Albanian: afër
  • Ancient Greek: ἄψ (áps)
  • Latin: abs

• *h₂ep-ero-
  • Proto-Germanic:
    • Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐌰𐍂 (afar)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *áparas
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *áparas
      • Sanskrit: अपर (ápara)
    • Proto-Iranian: *áparah
      • Avestan: 𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬀 (apara)
      • Old Persian: 𐎠𐎱𐎼 (a-p-r /⁠apara⁠/)

• *h₂ep-tero-
  • Proto-Germanic: *after (see there for further descendants)

• *h₂ep-i-o-
  • Proto-Germanic: *abjǭ (see there for further descendants)
  • Ancient Greek: ἄπιος (ápios)

• *h₂épo-h₃kʷ-
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Lithuanian: apuokas
    • Proto-Slavic: *opakъ
      • Serbo-Croatian: opak / опак
  • Proto-Germanic: *abuhaz (see there for further descendants)
  • Sanskrit: अपाञ्च् (apāñc)

Descendants

• Proto-Albanian: *apa
  • Albanian: pa
• >? Proto-Anatolian:
  • Hittite: 𒀀𒀊𒉺 (āppa)
  • Luwian: 𒀀𒀊𒉺 (āppa)
• Proto-Germanic: *ab (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Hellenic: *apó
  • Ancient Greek: ἀπό (apó), ἀπ’ (ap’) — apocopic, ἀφ’ (aph’) — apocopic, before vowel with rough breathing, ἀπύ (apú) — Aeolic, Arcadocypriot
    • Greek: από (apó)
  • Mycenaean Greek: 𐀀𐀢 (a-pu)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hapá (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Italic: *ab
  • Latin: ab (see there for further descendants)
• Messapic: 𐌀𐌐𐌀 (apa, “from, out of, by”)