Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰardʰéh₂

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

• *bʰordʰéh₂

Etymology

From the stem *bʰar-/-bʰor- (“projecting forward; tip, point; bristle, awn”), form of *bʰer- (“to cut, to grate, to split, to hit”). Kroonen considers the root to be potentially derived from *bʰers- (“tip, point”) (which seems to be related to the roots discussed above), with sense development "pointy and prickly thing" > "beard".

Noun

*bʰardʰéh₂ f

1. beard

Inflection

Thematic in *-eh₂
	singular
nominative	*bʰardʰéh₂
genitive	*bʰardʰéh₂s
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*bʰardʰéh₂	*bʰardʰéh₂h₁(e)	*bʰardʰéh₂es
vocative	*bʰardʰéh₂	*bʰardʰéh₂h₁(e)	*bʰardʰéh₂es
accusative	*bʰardʰā́m	*bʰardʰéh₂h₁(e)	*bʰardʰéh₂m̥s
genitive	*bʰardʰéh₂s	*?	*bʰardʰéh₂oHom
ablative	*bʰardʰéh₂s	*?	*bʰardʰéh₂mos, *bʰardʰéh₂bʰos
dative	*bʰardʰéh₂ey	*?	*bʰardʰéh₂mos, *bʰardʰéh₂bʰos
locative	*bʰardʰéh₂, *bʰardʰéh₂i	*?	*bʰardʰéh₂su
instrumental	*bʰardʰéh₂h₁	*?	*bʰardʰéh₂mis, *bʰardʰéh₂bʰis

Synonyms

• *smóḱwr̥ (“chin, beard”)

Derived terms

• *bʰardʰéh₂tos (“bearded”)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bardā́ˀtas (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *bardōdaz
  • Proto-Italic: *farβātos
    • Latin: barbātus (the initial /b-/ is also found in barba) (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bardā́ˀ (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Germanic: *bardaz (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Italic: *farβā (see there for further descendants)