Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*bʰeh₂- (imperfective)^[1]^[2]^[3]

to shine, glow light
Synonyms: *bʰleyǵ-, *ḱweyt-, *keyt-
to appear, be visible

Extensions

*bʰeh₂-u-
- *bʰh₂-w-e-ti
  - Proto-Hellenic: *pʰáwō
    - Ancient Greek: φαῦω (phaûō), φάω (pháō)
- *bʰeh₂-w-eh₁-ye-ti?
  - Proto-Italic: *fāwēō?
    - Latin: faveō
- *bʰh₂-we-dʰe-ti
  - Proto-Hellenic: *pʰawétʰō
    - Ancient Greek: φᾰέθω (phaéthō)
- *bʰi-bʰh₂-u-sḱéti
  - Proto-Hellenic: *pipʰáwskō
    - Ancient Greek: πιφαύσκω (piphaúskō)
- *bʰéh₂-w-os ~ *bʰéh₂-w-es-
  - Proto-Hellenic: *pʰáwos
    - Ancient Greek: φαῦος (phaûos), φάος (pháos)
- *bʰh₂-w-es-no-
  - Proto-Hellenic: *pʰawehnós
    - Ancient Greek: φάεννος (pháennos), φαεινός (phaeinós), φαείνω (phaeínō)
- *bʰéh₂-u-ti-
  - Proto-Hellenic: *pʰáwtis
    - Ancient Greek: φαῦσις (phaûsis)

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- (shine) (36 c, 0 e)

*bʰéh₂-ti ~ *bʰh₂-énti (athematic root present)
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: φάντα (phánta, “shining”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáHti (see there for further descendants)
*bʰh₂-n-yé-ti (innovative nasal-infix zero-grade ye-present)
- Proto-Albanian: *banja^[4]
  - Albanian: bënj, bëj, bâj
- (probably) Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: բանամ (banam) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *pʰáňňō
  - Ancient Greek: φαίνω (phaínō) (see there for further descendants)
*bʰéh₂-ti-s ~ *bʰh₂-téy-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *pʰátis
  - Ancient Greek: φάσις (phásis), φάτις (phátis) (see there for further descendants)
*bʰéh₂-os ~ *bʰéh₂-es-os
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáHas (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *βās
  - ⇒ *dju-βās (< *dyew-bʰéh₂-os)
    - Latin: iubar (“celestial light, splendor”)
*bʰóh₂-mo-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáHmas (see there for further descendants)
*bʰeh₂-no-s^[5]
- Proto-Celtic: *bānos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *bōnaz
  - Proto-West Germanic: *bōn (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáHnas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰáHnas
    - Sanskrit: भान (bhā́na)
  - Proto-Iranian: *báHnah
    - Ossetian: бон (bon, “day”)
    - Sarikoli: [script needed] (vuyn, “light, radiance”)
    - Wakhi: [script needed] (voyn, “fire, light”)
*bʰeh₂-nú-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaHnúš (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Germanic: *bandwijaną
- Proto-Germanic: *bandwǭ
- Proto-Germanic: *baukną
- Sanskrit: प्सु (psú, “aspect, appearance, form”)

Root

*bʰeh₂- (imperfective)^[6]^[7]

to speak
Synonyms: *mlewH-, *h₂wedH-, *ter-, *yek-
to say
Synonyms: *gʷet-, *Hedʰ-, *h₂eǵ-, *sekʷ-, *wekʷ-, *werh₁-, *weth₂-

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- (speak) (59 c, 0 e)

*bʰéh₂-ti ~ *bʰh₂-énti (athematic root present)
*bʰn̥h₂-é-ti (innovative nasal-infixed zero-grade thematic present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰánati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰánati
    - Vedic Sanskrit: भनति (bhánati) (see there for further descendants)
bʰh₂-néw-ti ~ bʰh₂-n̥w-énti (innovative nasal-infixed zero-grade athematic present)
- Proto-Germanic: *bannaną (see there for further descendants)
*bʰéh₂-meh₂
- Proto-Hellenic: *pʰā́mā
  - Ancient Greek: φήμη (phḗmē)
- Proto-Italic: *fāmā
  - Latin: fāma (“fame”)
*bʰéh₂-os ~ *bʰéh₂-es-os
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáHšaH (or from *bʰels-)
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰáHṣaH
    - Sanskrit: भाषा (bhā́ṣā) (see there for further descendants), भाषति (bhā́ṣati)
- Proto-Italic: *fās
  - Latin: fās
*bʰoh₂-néh₂
- Proto-Hellenic: *pʰōnā́
  - Ancient Greek: φωνή (phōnḗ, “voice”)
*bʰeh₂-mi-s
- Ancient Greek: φῆμις (phêmis)
*bʰeh₂-mn̥
- Ancient Greek: φῆμα (phêma)
*bʰeh₂-ni-s
- Old Armenian: բան (ban),
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bāˀnis
  - Proto-Slavic: *basnь (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *bōniz (see there for further descendants)
*bʰh₂-sḱéti
- Ancient Greek: φάσκω (pháskō)
*bʰéh₂-ti-s ~ *bʰh₂-téy-s^[8]
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: բայ (bay)
- Proto-Hellenic: *pʰátis
  - Ancient Greek: φάσις (phásis), φάτις (phátis)
*bʰh₂-tó-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *pʰatós
  - Ancient Greek: φατός (phatós)
- Proto-Italic: *fatos
  - Latin: fātus
  - ⇒ Proto-Italic: *fatēōr
    - Latin: fateor
*bʰéh₂-tu-s ~ *bʰh₂-téw-s
- Proto-Italic: *fātus
  - Latin: fātus
- ⇒ Proto-Italic: *Fatowos
  - Latin: Fatuus (divine name), fatuus (“silly, foolish”)
  - Oscan: 𐌚𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌅𐌄𐌝𐌔 (fatuveís, gen. sg.), fατοϝε (fatowe, voc. sg.)
  - → Etruscan: (borrowed from an Italic language) 𐌚𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌅𐌔 (fatuvs)
*bʰeh₂-dʰli-
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bāˀdlis
  - Proto-Slavic: *badli
Unsorted formations:
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: բառ (baṙ, “word, language, speech”), բանկն (bankn)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bāˀjakāˀ
  - Proto-Slavic: *bajьka (“fable”)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bhā-, bhō-, bhə”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 104-105
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *bʰeh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 68-69
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*baH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “bëj ~ bâj”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 22
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bāno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 55
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bhā-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 105-106
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2. *bʰeh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 69-70
^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 165

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bhā-, bhō-, bhə”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 104-105

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *bʰeh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 68-69

[3] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*baH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1

[4] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “bëj ~ bâj”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 22

[5] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bāno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 55

[6] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bhā-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 105-106

[7] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2. *bʰeh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 69-70

[8] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 165

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