Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷelH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*gʷelH-

1. to throw, reach, pierce; to hit by throwing

Reconstruction notes

On the basis of Celtic nasal-infix present *balnīti and several Greek derived terms like βέλεμνον (bélemnon, “javelin, dart”) the laryngeal may be reconstructed as *h₁.

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH- (37 c, 0 e)

• *gʷelH-éti (root present)
  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: կեղ (keł, “wound, sore, ulcer”), կեղեմ (kełem, “to torment, torture, afflict”), (possibly) կեղերջ (kełerǰ, “complaint, grievance, pain”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gráHti
    • Proto-Iranian: *gráHti
      • Avestan: 𐬥𐬌-𐬖𐬭𐬁𐬌𐬭𐬈 (ni-γrāⁱre, “to throw down”)
        • Pashto: غوزارول (γwəzārawə́l, “throw, cause to fall, knock over”)
      • Persian: گرزین (gerzin, “arrow”)
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Latvian: dzel̂t (“to sting”)
    • Lithuanian: gélti (“to hurt severely”)
  • Proto-Germanic: *kwelaną (see there for further descendants)
• *gʷl̥-né-h₁-ti ~ *gʷl̥-n-h₁-énti (nasal infix present)
  • Proto-Celtic: *balnīti (“to die”) (see there for further descendants)
• *gʷelHtlom or *gʷelHdʰlom
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Proto-Slavic: *žędlo (< *geldlo) (Vasmer) (see there for further descendants)
• *gʷélH-os
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: βέλος (bélos, “missile”)
• *gʷelH-ón-eh₂
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: βελόνη (belónē)
• *gʷélH-m̥n-o-
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: βέλεμνον (bélemnon)
• *gʷélH-tus
  • Proto-Celtic:
    • Gaulish: belatu- (“death”)
      • Gaulish: Belatucadros (Theonym meaning "beautiful death")
• *gʷelh₁-éh₂-ye-ti
  • Proto-Italic: *gʷelājō or Proto-Italic: *gʷelāō
    • Latin: volō (“to fly”) (possibly)
• *gʷl̥H-id-yé-
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: βαλλίζω (ballízō)
• *gʷl̥H-mn̥
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: βλῆμα (blêma)
• *gʷl̥H-tós
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: βλητός (blētós)
• *gʷl̥H-trom
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: βλῆτρον (blêtron)
• *gʷolH-éye- (causative)
  • Proto-Germanic: *kwaljaną (see there for further descendants)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: βολέω (boléō)
• *gʷolH-mos
  • Proto-West Germanic: *kwalm (see there for further descendants)
• *gʷόlH-os
  • possibly Proto-Balto-Slavic: *galas
    • Latvian: gals (“tip, end; death”)
    • Lithuanian: gãlas (“tip, end; death”)
    • Old Prussian: gallan (acc.), golis (“death”)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: βόλος (bólos)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Lithuanian: gėlà (“acute pain”)
    • Slavic:
      • Old East Slavic: жель (želĭ)
      • → Latvian: žēl
      • → Russian: жаль (žalʹ)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: βάλλω (bállō), βολή (bolḗ), βολίς (bolís)
  • Indo-Iranian:
    • Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: उद्गूर्ण (udgūrṇa)

References

• http://qamosona.com/G/index.php/term/,6f57b19b61545aaf9b9ea5afac5f61ab.xhtml