Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁lengʷʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₁lengʷʰ-

1. light (not heavy)

   Antonym: *gʷerh₂-

2. swift; brief

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁lengʷʰ- (26 c, 0 e)

• *h₁léngʷʰ-e-ti (thematic root verb)
  • Proto-Celtic: *lengʷeti
    • Old Irish: lingid, ·ling
  • Proto-Germanic: *lingwaną (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hránǰʰati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hránźʰati
      • Sanskrit: रंहति (ráṃhati), रंहते (ráṃhate)
        • Sanskrit: रङ्घति (raṅghati), Sanskrit: रङ्घते (raṅghate)
      • लङ्घति (laṅghati), Sanskrit: लङ्घते (laṅghate),
    • Proto-Iranian: *Hránǰati
      • Younger Avestan: 𐬭𐬆𐬧𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (rəṇjaⁱti)
• *h₁ln̥gʷʰ-ró-s
• *h₁lengʷʰ-to-s
  • Albanian: lehtë (< *lexta)
  • Proto-Germanic: *linhtaz (see there for further descendants)
• *h₁léngʰ-u-s ~ *h₁ln̥gʷʰ-éw-s
• *h₁léngʷʰ-isth₂-o-s
  • Proto-Hellenic: *elə́kʰistos
    • Ancient Greek: ἐλᾰ́χιστος (elákhistos)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hlágʰištʰas (see there for further descendants)
• *h₁léngʷʰ-yōs ~ *h₁ln̥gʷʰ-is-és
  • Proto-Celtic: *lagyūs
    • Old Irish: laigiu (“smaller”)
    • Welsh: llai (“smaller”)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *elə́ťťōn
    • Ancient Greek: ἐλᾰ́σσων (elássōn)

      Attic Greek: ἐλᾰ́ττων (eláttōn)

  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hlágʰyas (see there for further descendants)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Armenian: *h₁ln̥gʷʰ-ieh₂-
    • Old Armenian: լանջք (lanǰkʻ, “breast”)
  • Illyrian: lembus "light vehicle" < h₁lengʷh-os
  • Tocharian: *h₁ln̥gʷʰ-ti̯o
    • Tocharian B: lankᵤtse

Further reading

• Altiranisches Wörterbuch
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN