Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁n̥dʰér

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₁n̥dʰí (“under, below”) +‎ *-ér, *-éri (innovative locative suffix) (compare the suffix in *h₂éyeri).

Adverb

*h₁n̥dʰér, *h₁n̥dʰéri^[1]^[2]

under, below

Derived terms

*h₁n̥dʰér-o-s (“lower”)^[1]^[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hadʰáras (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *enðeros^[1]^[4]
  - Latin: īnferus
    - Italian: infero
*h₁n̥dʰér-no-s^[5]
- Proto-Italic: *enðernos
  - Latin: īnfernus (see there for further descendants)
  - Faliscan: 𐌉𐌅𐌓𐌀 (ifra)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Tocharian:^[6]
  - Tocharian A: āñc
  - Tocharian B: ette

Descendants

Proto-Germanic: *under (conflated with *h₁entér (“between”)) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hadʰári
- Proto-Iranian: *Hadári (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “n̥dhos, n̥dheri”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 49
^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 134
^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 59
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “īnferus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 304
^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 153
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “ette”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 85-86

[IEW-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “n̥dhos, n̥dheri”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 49

[2] Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 134

[3] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 59

[EDL-4] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “īnferus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 304

[5] Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 153

[6] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “ette”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 85-86

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