Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mréǵʰus

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms

• *mr̥ǵʰús (later)

Etymology

From *mreǵʰ- (“short”) +‎ *-us (Caland system suffix).

Adjective

*mréǵʰus

1. short
2. brief

Inflection

Older proterokinetic pattern:

Athematic, proterokinetic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*mréǵʰus	*mr̥ǵʰéwih₂
genitive	*mr̥ǵʰéws	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mréǵʰus	*mréǵʰuh₁(e)	*mréǵʰewes
vocative	*mréǵʰu	*mréǵʰuh₁(e)	*mréǵʰewes
accusative	*mréǵʰum	*mréǵʰuh₁(e)	*mréǵʰums
genitive	*mr̥ǵʰéws	*?	*mr̥ǵʰéwoHom
ablative	*mr̥ǵʰéws	*?	*mr̥ǵʰúmos, *mr̥ǵʰúbʰos
dative	*mr̥ǵʰéwey	*?	*mr̥ǵʰúmos, *mr̥ǵʰúbʰos
locative	*mr̥ǵʰéw, *mr̥ǵʰéwi	*?	*mr̥ǵʰúsu
instrumental	*mr̥ǵʰúh₁	*?	*mr̥ǵʰúmis, *mr̥ǵʰúbʰis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mr̥ǵʰéwih₂	*mr̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e)	*mr̥ǵʰéwih₂es
vocative	*mr̥ǵʰéwih₂	*mr̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e)	*mr̥ǵʰéwih₂es
accusative	*mr̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥	*mr̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e)	*mr̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥s
genitive	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂s	*?	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂oHom
ablative	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂s	*?	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos
dative	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂ey	*?	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos
locative	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂, *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂i	*?	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂su
instrumental	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂h₁	*?	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂mis, *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mréǵʰu	*mréǵʰwih₁	*mréǵʰuh₂
vocative	*mréǵʰu	*mréǵʰwih₁	*mréǵʰuh₂
accusative	*mréǵʰu	*mréǵʰwih₁	*mréǵʰuh₂
genitive	*mr̥ǵʰéws	*?	*mr̥ǵʰéwoHom
ablative	*mr̥ǵʰéws	*?	*mr̥ǵʰúmos, *mr̥ǵʰúbʰos
dative	*mr̥ǵʰéwey	*?	*mr̥ǵʰúmos, *mr̥ǵʰúbʰos
locative	*mr̥ǵʰéw, *mr̥ǵʰéwi	*?	*mr̥ǵʰúsu
instrumental	*mr̥ǵʰúh₁	*?	*mr̥ǵʰúmis, *mr̥ǵʰúbʰis

Later hysterokinetic pattern:

Athematic, hysterokinetic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*mr̥ǵʰús	*mr̥ǵʰéwih₂
genitive	*mr̥ǵʰéws	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mr̥ǵʰús	*mr̥ǵʰúh₁(e)	*mr̥ǵʰúes
vocative	*mr̥ǵʰú	*mr̥ǵʰúh₁(e)	*mr̥ǵʰúes
accusative	*mr̥ǵʰúm	*mr̥ǵʰúh₁(e)	*mr̥ǵʰúms
genitive	*mr̥ǵʰéws	*?	*mr̥ǵʰéwoHom
ablative	*mr̥ǵʰéws	*?	*mr̥ǵʰéwmos, *mr̥ǵʰéwbʰos
dative	*mr̥ǵʰéwey	*?	*mr̥ǵʰéwmos, *mr̥ǵʰéwbʰos
locative	*mr̥ǵʰéw, *mr̥ǵʰéwi	*?	*mr̥ǵʰéwsu
instrumental	*mr̥ǵʰéwh₁	*?	*mr̥ǵʰéwmis, *mr̥ǵʰéwbʰis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mr̥ǵʰéwih₂	*mr̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e)	*mr̥ǵʰéwih₂es
vocative	*mr̥ǵʰéwih₂	*mr̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e)	*mr̥ǵʰéwih₂es
accusative	*mr̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥	*mr̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e)	*mr̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥s
genitive	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂s	*?	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂oHom
ablative	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂s	*?	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos
dative	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂ey	*?	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos
locative	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂, *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂i	*?	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂su
instrumental	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂h₁	*?	*mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂mis, *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mr̥ǵʰú	*mr̥ǵʰúyh₁	*mr̥ǵʰúh₂
vocative	*mr̥ǵʰú	*mr̥ǵʰúyh₁	*mr̥ǵʰúh₂
accusative	*mr̥ǵʰú	*mr̥ǵʰúyh₁	*mr̥ǵʰúh₂
genitive	*mr̥ǵʰéws	*?	*mr̥ǵʰéwoHom
ablative	*mr̥ǵʰéws	*?	*mr̥ǵʰéwmos, *mr̥ǵʰéwbʰos
dative	*mr̥ǵʰéwey	*?	*mr̥ǵʰéwmos, *mr̥ǵʰéwbʰos
locative	*mr̥ǵʰéw, *mr̥ǵʰéwi	*?	*mr̥ǵʰéwsu
instrumental	*mr̥ǵʰéwh₁	*?	*mr̥ǵʰéwmis, *mr̥ǵʰéwbʰis

Derived terms

• *mr̥ǵʰu-gʷih₃w-o-s (“short-lived”)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *brəkʰugʷīwos
    • Ancient Greek: βρᾰχῠ́βῐος (brakhúbios)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mr̥ȷ́ʰuǰiHwas
    • Proto-Iranian: *mr̥juǰiHwah
      • Avestan: 𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬎𐬘𐬎𐬎𐬀 (mər^əzujuua)

Descendants

• Proto-Germanic: *murguz (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Hellenic: *brəkʰús
  • Ancient Greek: βραχύς (brakhús)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mr̥ȷ́ʰúš (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Italic: *breɣʷis (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Slavic: *bъ̑rzъ (likely)